2020-10-10
364CRIMINAL law
Упражнение 1. Заполните пропуски, используя следующие слова.
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1. A _______ broke into our house while we were away this weekend and stole our video.
2. Drug ________ who sell heroin to teenagers are among the worst kind of criminals.
3. Car _______ in this area is increasing. Fifty cars were stolen last week.
4. Fourteen football ________ were arrested after the match. They were fighting and throwing bottles onto the pitch.
5. He should have taken a taxi home after the party. He got stopped by the police and lost his licence for _________.
6. He was doing 80 kilometres an hour in the centre of town. He was caught ________on a camera.
7. He’s scared to walk home from school on his own because last week some ________in the year above him broke his personal stereo.
8. If you park on a double yellow line, you might get a parking _______.
9. In court, the _______ said he should stay in prison for the rest of his life.
10. She was arrested for ________. She stole a pair of jeans and a sweater from a clothes shop.
11. Some people think that the _________ on TV and in films leads to crime.
12. The health centre wall has some big red ________ on it. They’ll have to repaint the wall.
13. There was a big fight between two ________ of teenagers outside the club. Seventeen people were hurt.
14. Two armed bank _______ got away with ₤ 50,000 yesterday.
15. Two guys _______ a friend of mine recently and ran off with her handbag.
Упражнение 9. Заполните пропуски, используя следующие слова.
· sentence · criminal · offence · judge · jury
· kidnapping · reward · trial · ransom · arrest
There are many different kinds of crimes. 1)____, taking somebody away and demanding a 2)_____for their return, is a particularly serious 3)_____. The police often offer a 4)_____, which is sometimes quite a substantial sum of money, for information leading to the 5)______ of a 6)_______. It is not always easy for a 7)_____to decide whether the suspect is guilty or not. The 8)______of a suspect often takes days, or even weeks. Having decided on their verdict, the jury do not, however, have to decide how long a 9)_____ to give. That is the job of the 10)_____.
Упражнение 2. Напишите преступление, опираясь на данное определение и первую букву нужного слова.
1. breaking in to steal something b_______
2. driving more quickly than the limit s_______
3. killing unintentionally m_______
4. killing intentionally m_______
5. attacking and robbing violently m_______
6. the act of stealing t________
Упражнение 3. Опишите данные картинки – какие преступления представлены на картинках и какие меры предосторожности предпринять?
Упражнение 4. Решите кроссворд.
ACROSS
3. (n.) The legal dissolution of a marriage.
6. (n.) A person who takes away people by force and demands money for their return.
8. (adj.) Not guilty.
9. (n.) A police officer or a private investigator whose function is to obtain information and evidence of illegal activity.
11. (v.) To take the property of another or others without permission or right.
14. (n.) A thing or things helpful in forming a conclusion or judgment; in law, the documentary or oral statements and the material objects admissible as testimony in court.
16. (v.) To seize by the authority of the law; to make someone a prisoner.
17. (n.) A claim by an accused person of having been elsewhere when an offense was committed.
DOWN
1. (n.) A correctional institution meant for punishment and/or rehabilitation of offenders.
2. (n.) A public official who hears and decides cases in a law court.
4. (n.) A person who suffers injury, loss, or death as a result of criminal activities or other circumstances.
5. (adj.) Prohibited by law or by official rules.
7. (n.) A penalty inflicted for an offence.
10. (adj.) Relating to the rights of private individuals and legal proceedings concerning these rights as distinguished from criminal proceedings.
12. (n.) The act of putting someone to death as a lawful penalty.
13 (n.) The illegitimate use of force and violence to create fear in order to gain a political or some other objective when innocent people suffer.
15. (v.) To take or receive (property, a right, a title, etc.) by succession or will
Тема Kinds of cases
Упражнение 5. Прочитайте текст, переведите и выпишите русские эквиваленты к выделенным словам и выражениям, выучите их наизусть. Составьте аннотацию к тексту.
Civil Cases
Civil cases are usually disputes between or among private citizens, corporations, governments, government agencies, and other organizations. Most often, the party bringing the suit is asking for money damages for some wrong that has been done. For example, a tenant may sue a landlord for failure to fix a leaky roof, or a landlord may sue a tenant for failure to pay rent. People who have been injured may sue a person or a company they feel is responsible for the injury.
The party bringing the suit is called the plaintiff; the party being sued is called the defendant. There may be many plaintiffs or many defendants in the same case.
The plaintiff starts the lawsuit by filing a paper called a complaint, in which the case against the defendant is stated. The next paper filed is usually the answer, in which the defendant disputes what the plaintiff has said in the complaint. The defendant may also feel that there has been a wrong committed by the plaintiff, in which case a counterclaim will be filed along with the answer. It is up to the plaintiff to prove the case again the defendant. In each civil case the judge tells the jury the extent to which the plaintiff must prove the case. This is called the plaintiff’s burden of proof, a burden that the plaintiff must meet in order to win. In most civil cases the plaintiff’s burden is to prove the case by a preponderance of evidence, that is, that the plaintiff’s version of what happened in the case is more probably true than not true.
Jury verdicts do not need to be unanimous in civil cases. Only 10 jurors need to agree upon a verdict if there are 12 jurors: five must agree if there are six jurors.
Criminal Cases
A criminal case is brought by the state or by a city or county against a person or persons accused of having committed a crime. The state, city, or county is called the plaintiff; the accused person is called the defendant. The charg e against the defendant is called an information or a complaint. The defendant has pleaded not guilty and you should presume the defendant’s innocence throughout the entire trial unless the plaintiff proves the defendant guilty. The plaintiff’s burden of proof is greater in criminal case than in a civil case. In each criminal case you hear the judge will tell you all the elements of the crime that the plaintiff must prove; the plaintiff must prove each of these elements beyond reasonable doubt before the defendant can be found guilty.
In criminal cases the verdict must be unanimous, that is, all jurors must agree that the defendant is guilty in order to overcome the presumption of innocence.
Упражнение 6. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты к следующим словам и выражениям.
1. заявление об обвинении
2. элемент (состава) преступления
3. презумпция невиновности
4. показания
5. истец
6. судебное разбирательство (3)
7. частные лица
8. денежная компенсация ущерба
9. единогласное решение присяжных
10. наличие более веских доказательств
11. возражения ответчика по делу
12. ответчик
13. встречный иск
14. бремя доказывания
15. ответственность за ущерб
16. подать иск /возбудить дело
17. доказывать
18. заявить о своей невиновности
Упражнение 7. Переведите следующие определения.
DEFENDANT – (crim.) person charged with a crime; (civ.) person or entity against whom a civil action is brought.
ACTION – proceeding taken in court synonymous to case, suit, lawsuit.
PREPONDERANCE OF EVIDENCE –means that the weight of evidence presented by one side is more convincing to the trier of facts than the evidence presented by the opposing side.
PLAINTIFF – the party who begins an action, complains or sues.
COUNTERCLAIM – claim presented by a defendant in opposition to the claim of the plaintiff.
COMPLAINT – (crim.) formal written charge that a person has committed a criminal offence; (civ.) initial document filed by a plaintiff which starts the claim against the defendant.
Упражнение 8. Соотнесите английские выражения с их русскими эквивалентами.
| 1) evidence for the plaintiff 2) judgment for the plaintiff 3) plaintiff’s claim 4) to appear for the plaintiff 5) to call the plaintiff 6) witness by the plaintiff | a) вызывать истца в суд b) выступать в суде в качестве адвоката истца c) доказательства в пользу истца d) исковое требование e) свидетель, выставленный истцом f) судебное решение в пользу истца |
Упражнение 5. Слово DEFENDANT имеет следующие значения:
Ответчик
civil defendant – ответчик
Обвиняемый
bailed defendant – обвиняемый или подсудимый, освобождённый (из-под стражи) под залог
Подсудимый
judgement for the defendant – судебное решение в пользу ответчика
Соотнесите английские выражения с их русскими эквивалентами:
| 1) convicted defendant 2) defendant in custody 3) defendant’s record 4) defendant’s story 5) defendant’s witness | a) подсудимый, содержащийся под стражей b) осуждённый c) досье подсудимого d) свидетель, выставленный ответчиком e) версия, выдвинутая обвиняемым |
Упражнение 9. Напишите ответ на письмо (150-200 слов).
Упражнение 10. Выберите верный вариант ответа.
1. If you ______ that expensive car, you ___ enough money to go on holiday.
a. buy / won’t have
b. bought / don’t have
c. don’t buy / won’t have
2. I know he speaks French, German and Italian so he ________ be Swiss.
a. can’t
b. could
c. should
3. Hundreds of trees were blown over in the night so the wind _______have been very strong.
a. can’t
b. could
c. must
4. “I’m not very sociable. ______.”
a. I don’t
b. So am I
c. Neither am I
5. “Sorry I’m late. __________ for a long time?”
a. Have you waited
b. Are you waiting
c. Have you been waiting
6. Could you tell me where __________?
a. the library is
b. is the library
c. if the library
7. I’m a studying Physics at the moment,_____________?
a. am not I
b. am I
c. aren’t I
8. John ______ your school, wasn’t he?
a. was at
b. went to
c. wasn’t at
9. The interviewer asked _____ drive.
a. can I
b. if I could
c. if I was
10. The dentist _______to make another appointment.
a. told
b. said to me
c. told me
11. You’ll need to ____ an answer to this problem.
a. get on with
b. run out of
c. come up with
12. I want to watch the television news. Could you _______, please?
a. look it up
b. turn it on
c. look for it
13. "There is too _______ traffic on the roads of New York."
a. many
b. much
c. lots of
14. Because of the bad economic situation, 200 workers _______ redundant last month.
- have been made
- were being made
- were made
15. You mustn't _______ photographs inside this church.
a. take
b. make
c. do
16. When I was a boy I _______ live in Sydney.
a. would
b. did
c. used to
17. Don't answer _______ you really know that you are right!
a. unless
b. when
с. in case
18. If I won the national lottery, I _______ a sport car.
a. would buy
b. will buy
c. would be bought
19. "Look at that new book he's bought! He _______ spent a fortune on it!"
a. must have
b. must had
c. must have had
20. - Oh no! The phone's not working and I have to call my mother - it's her birthday today.
- Is it? Don't worry. _______ you use my mobile.
a. I am letting
b. I'll let
c. I'll be letting
21. Printing _______ in ancient China
a. has been invented
b. was invented
c. was been invented
22. I _______ stop at the traffic lights because they were red.
a. must
b. had to
c. should
23. You look very tired! What __________?
a. did you do
b. have you done
c. have you been doing
24. It's Sunday and so _______ go to work.
a. I don’t have to
b. I mustn’t
c. mustn’t to
25. If I _______, I would have told you.
a. have known
b. know
c. had known
26. Tom and Sue _______ last May. Now she's getting married to Andrew.
a. broke up
b. broke off
c. broke in
27. I asked two people the way to the underground but _______ of them knew.
a. none
b. no
c. neither
