Функции причастия в предложении

Present Participle – Participle 1

Participle I в английском соответствует действительному причастию в русском:

• singing-поющий;
• working – работающий;

Participle I используется для образования времен Continuous.

Например:

Molly is singing – Молли поет (Present Continuous).

I have been working since noon. – Я работаю с полудня (Present Perfect Continuous).

He was crying when I met him. – Он плакал, когда я его встретила (Past Continuous).

 

Причастия настоящего времени (Participle 1) имеют две временные формы в действительном залоге – это Present Participle и Present Participle Perfect и две формы в страдательном залоге — это Present Participle Passive и Present Participle Perfect Passive.

Participle I – таблица форм

	Active	Passive
Present Participle	cleaning / making	being cleaned / being made
Present Participle Perfect	having cleaned / having made	having been cleane / having been made

Present Participle выражает действия, которые происходят одновременно с действием, выраженным сказуемым:

Greg is looking at the girl playing the piano — Грег смотрит на девушку, играющую на фортепиано.

 

Present Participle Perfect выражает действие, предшествующее действию глагола-сказуемого:

Having received much money, Sally moved to another place to live. — Получив много денег, Салли переехала жить в другое место.

Having been washed by the downpour, the grass looked pretty. — Вымытая ливнем, трава выглядела свежей.

Внимание! Причастия настоящего времени глаголов

• close,
• open,
• arrivе,
• enter,
• pass,
• cross и прочих похожих

в функции обстоятельства времени могут наряду с причастиями прошедшего времени обозначать предшествующее действие:

Arriving in Astana Liz saw her husband. = Having arrived in Astana Liz saw her husband. — Прибыв в Астану, Лиза увидела своего мужа.

Participle II (Past Participle)

Participle II имеет свойства глагола, прилагательного и обстоятельства.

Participle II используется для образования времен группы Perfect.

I have washed the dishes. – Я помыла посуду. (Present Perfect)

I had been there before I went there with Mike. – Я была там до того, как пойти туда с Майком. (Past Perfect)

 

Past Participle имеет только одну форму, которая соответствует русскому страдательному причастию: 

The payment received last week was accepted. — Платеж, полученный вчера, был принят.

The grass washed by the rain, looked fresh. — Трава, вымытая дождем, выглядела свежей.

Отрицательная форма причастий

Чтобы образовать отрицательную форму, необходимо отрицание not поставить непосредственно перед причастием:

Not knowing the rule, he turned left. – Не зная правил, он повернул налево.

Функции причастия в предложении

Определение. Употребляются Participle I и Participle II	(Participle I) A rising sun was hidden by the clouds. – Поднимающееся солнце было спрятано за облаками. (Participle II) Нis broken leg hurt much. — Его сломанная нога сильно болела
Причастный оборот. Употребляются Participle I и Participle II	(Participle I) The football team coming in to play was from London. – Футбольная команда, приехавшая на игру, была из Лондона. (Participle II) There are some cafes located near our house. – Есть несколько кафе, расположенных недалеко от нашего дома.
Обстоятельство времени. Употребляется Participle I.	(Participle I) When going to school, Johny saw a car accident. — По дороге в школу Джонни видел аварию (Participle I) Arriving at school, he went to the classroom. — Прибыв в школу, он направился в класс. (Participle I) Having finished with his lessons, he went home. — Закончив уроки, он пошел домой.
Обстоятельство образа действия. Употребляется Participle I	(Participle I) Му brother was in the yard working on a car. – Мой брат был во дворе и занимался ремонтом.

 

 

1. Переведите следующие словосочетания

developing industry / developed industry;

changing distances / changed distances;

a controlling device / a controlled device;

an increasing speed / an increased speed;

a transmitting signal / a transmitted signal;

a reducing noise / a reduced noise;

a moving object / a moved object;

heating parts / heated parts

 

2. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на форму причастия.

1. The texts translated by the students were not very difficult.

2. When translating some new texts he usually wrote out all new words.

3. If translated into Russian, this article will be of great importance for me.

4. The text being translated by the students is not very difficult.

5. Having been written the letter had to be posted in the evening.

6. Having passed the examination he joined a group of students who were standing in the corridor.

7. The engineers invited to our plant are well-known specialists.

8. Being invited too late his friend could not come.

9. The lecture followed by an experiment was interesting.

10. When asked, the student answered very well.

11. Ice melts when heated.

12. Having solved this important problem, the scientist made a report.

 

3. Выберите нужную форму причастия.

A

1. The scientists (discussing / discussed) this problem will take part in the conference.

2. The problems (discussing / discussed) at the conference are of great importance for future research.

3. The subjects (studying / studied) in the first year at the Institute are: mathematics, chemistry, drawing geometry and others.

4. Students (studying / studied) foreign languages should read special literature in the original.

5. The professor (delivering / delivered) lectures on mathematics is a well-known specialist.

6. The lecture (delivering / delivered) by professor N. was very interesting.

7. Specialists (training / trained) at our University work in different fields of the national economy.

8. The coach (training / trained) our volley-ball team is a good sportsman

 

B

1. (Having written / writing) the dictation she made many mistakes.

2. (Having written / writing) the letter, she posted it.

3. (Building / having built) a new house, builders used all modern methods of construction.

4. (Building / having built) the house they arranged a great party for the relatives and friends.

5. (While living / having lived) in St. Petersburg for ten years I visited all its famous museums.

6. (While living / having lived) in St. Petersburg for ten years I moved to Kiev.

7. (When solving / having solved) new problems scientists do a lot of research.

 

4. Образуйте нужную форму причастия от глагола, данного в скобках.

1. You can measure the force (act) on the body.

2. The force (apply) to the body was measured.

3. (Graduate) from the University, he began to work at an office.

4. The engine (test) required no improvement.

5. (Make) these experiments we can compare the weight of elements.

6. The substances (identify) were described in his report.

7. (Listen) to the lecture, students usually make notes.

8. There are several subjects (study) optionally.

9. A system is a good mixture of integrated parts (work) together.

10.Input is the information (present) to the computer.

 

5. Замените выделенные части предложений причастными оборотами. 1. He looked at me and hesitated: he didn’t know what to say. 2. As he had long lived there and knew the place very well, he easily found his way to the Town Hall. 3. Take care when you cross the street. 4. Don’t you feel tired after you have walked so much? 5. He knew the language well because he had been taught since childhood.

 

6. Найдите и подчеркните причастия, переведите предложения. A 1. We need highly developed electronics and new materials to make supercomputers. 2. New alloys have appeared during the last decades, among them a magnesium-lithium alloy developed by our scientists. 3. We are carried by airplanes, trains and cars with built-in electronic devices. 4. Computer components produced should be very clean. 5. Many countries have cable TV, a system using wires for transmitting TV programs. 6. The fifth-generation computers performing 100 billion operations a second will become available in the near future. 7. A video phone has a device which allows us to see a room and the face of the person speaking. 8. New technologies reduce the number of employees needed. B 1. Driving a car a man tries to keep steady speed and watch the car in front of him. 2. Having stated the laws of gravity, Newton was able to explain the structure of the Universe. 3. Being more efficient than human beings, computers are used more and more extensively. 4. Having graduated from Cambridge, Newton worked there as a tutor. 5. Having been published in 1687, Newton's laws of motion are still the basis for research. 6. Being invented the digital technology solved the old problems of noise in signal transmission.