2021-11-09
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6. Ход занятия
1) Проверка исходных знаний студентов Make sentences of the following words.
1. Mouth, ingested, food, through, is, the.
2. The food down is esophagus broken in?
3. The through tract the food digestive moves.
2) Изучение нового материала и выполнение лексико-грамматических упражнений для закрепления изученного материала: изучите новую лексику по теме, прочитайте текст и выполните упражнения
| 1. cranial part 2. facial part 3. cervical 4. thoracic 5. lumbar 6. sacral 7. coccyx 8. arch 9. shoulder girdle 10. joint 11. firmly | 1. черепная часть 2. лицевая часть 3. шейный 4. грудной 5. поясничный 6. крестцовый 7. копчик 8. отросток позвонка 9. плечевой пояс 10. сустав 11. твердо, плотно |
THE SKELETON
The skeleton is composed of bones. In the adult the skeleton has over 200 bones. The bones of the skull consist of cranial and facial parts. There are 26 bones in the skull. The bones of the trunk are the spinal column or the spine and the chest (ribs and breastbone). The spine consists of the cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral vertebrae and the coccyx.
The vertebra is a small bone which is formed by the body and the arch. All the vertebrae compose the spinal column or the spine. There are 32 or 34 vertebrae in the spine of the adult. In the spinal column there are 7 cervical vertebrae, 12 thoracic vertebrae, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral vertebrae and from 1 to 5 vertebrae which form the coccyx. The cervical part of the spine is formed by 7 cervical vertebrae. 12 thoracic vertebrae have large bodies. The lumbar vertebrae are the largest vertebrae in the spinal column.
The chest (thorax) is composed of 12 thoracic vertebrae, the breastbone and 12 pairs of ribs. The breastbone is a long bone in the middle of the chest. It is composed of three main parts. The basic part of the chest is formed by the ribs. On each side of the chest 7 ribs are connected with the breastbone by cartilages. The cartilages of three other ribs are connected with each other and with
the seventh rib. But the cartilages of these ribs are not connected with the breastbone. The eleventh and twelfth ribs are not connected with the breastbone either. They are not connected with the other ribs, they are free.
The lower extremity consists of the thigh, leg and foot. It is connected with the trunk by the pelvis. The upper extremity is formed by the arm, forearm and hand. It is connected with the trunk by the shoulder girdle. The bones of the skeleton are connected together by the joints or by the cartilages and ligaments. The bones consist of
organic and inorganic substances.
