Назовите, в каких предложениях употреблен герундий. Укажите определяющие его признаки. Переведите предложения

1. Coke is formed in the process of heating certain grades of coal in the absence of air. 2. Geologists spent much time in trying to find oil in the region.
3. While freezing water increases in volume and develops enormous pressure. 4. We know of minerals being divided into rock-forming minerals and ores. 5. The training of oil engineers now takes place in proximity to industrial enterprises. 6. Besides being refined into lubricants, residual oil is subjected to chemical processing to produce petrol. 7. It is difficult to understand the nature of fossils without studying their origin. 8. Using liquid fuels makes it possible to obtain high thermal efficiency, ease of distribution and control.

Образуйте герундий от глаголов, данных в скобках. Определите, каким членом предложения он является. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. (To extract) means the direct removal of useful minerals. 2. (To exploit) the deposit means the extraction of oil in it. 3. Many minerals undergo changes by (to take) water in their molecule. 4. The discovery of methods for (to produce) artificial rubber is of great importance to industry. 5. An alloy is capable of (to heat) to a very high temperature. 6. Before (to send) up the balloon was filled with a special gas.
7. Nuclear reaction releases tremendous amounts of energy without (to be) explosive. 8. We heard of experiment (to start) last week.

15. Прочтите и переведите текст:


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