The Past Perfect tense. Past perfectобразуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to have в форме прошедшего времени (had) и формы причастия прошедшего времени смыслового глагола: I

Past Perfect образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to have в форме прошедшего времени (had) и формы причастия прошедшего времени смыслового глагола: I had worked, he had worked, we had worked.

Утвердительная форма Отрицательная форма Вопросительная

I had walked I had not walked I hadn’t walked Had I walked?

You had walked You had not walked You hadn’t walked Had you walked?

He hadwalked He had not walked He hadn’twalked Had he walked?

She hadwalked She had notwalked She hadn’t walked Had she walked?

It had walked It had notwalked It hadn’t walked Hadit walked?

We had walked We had not walked We hadn’t walked Had we walked?

You had walked You had not walked You hadn’t walked Had you walked?

They had walked They had not walked They hadn’t walked Had they walked?

СЛУЧАИ УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЯ:

1. Для выражения прошедшего действия, которое уже совершилось до определенного момента в прошлом.

Этот момент может быть определен

a) такими обозначениями времени, как: by 5 o’clock к пяти часам, by Saturday к субботе, by the end of the year к концу года, by that time к тому времени и т.п.

We had translated the article by 5 o’clock. Мы перевели статью к пяти часам.

By the end of the year he had learnt К концу года он (уже) научился

to speak French. говорить по-французски.

б) другим (более поздним) прошедшим действием, выраженным в Past Simple.

We couldn’t get into the house because Мы не могли попасть в дом,

I had lost the key. потому что я потерял ключ.

УПРАЖНЕНИЯ