2015-04-01
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In modern flour mills, millstones have been replaced by steel rollers. Old style reel sifters have been replaced by modern plansifters. The design of purifiers has been radically improved, and many new ancillary machines have been incorporated into the milling system. The basic principles of the Gradual Reduction System of Milling are universally employed. The world's most advanced flour mills are still utilizing processing technology that was fully developed as long ago as 1930.
The flow diagrams of flour mills in all countries have been made progressively less complex over the last fifty years, with the exception of the Japanese flour milling industry, which produces exceptionally white flour of very low ash (or mineral) content. The development of the flour milling industry has been associated with advances of equipment design, which has improved operating capacity and efficiency, but no major technological breakthrough has occurred.
Flour milling is a mechanical manufacturing process which produces flour from wheat through comprehensive stages of grinding and separation. Canada's flour milling industry comprises mills which produce flour and other products for use in baked goods, biscuits, crackers, pasta and a wide range of food products.
By-products of the milling process, such as bran, shorts (fine bran) and wheat germ are used in products such as breakfast cereals but are used mainly in the production of animal feeds. Small quantities of bran and wheat germ are also required in other foods for human consumption.
Flour milling predates agricultural production; its evolution from a tedious manual chore to a highly automated, efficient and exact industrial process reflects many social changes and significant technological developments.
III. Find English equivalents.
Большое разнообразие продуктов питания; социальные изменения; важные технологические достижения; производство кормов для животных; дробление и сортировка; утомительный физический труд; использовать технологию переработки; зародыш пшеницы; развитие мукомольной промышленности.
IV. Complete and translate the sentences.
1. Industrial process reflects …
2. Byproducts of the milling industry are …
3. Flour milling predates …
4. Flour mills are still utilizing …
5. Millstones have been replaced by …
6. Japanese flour milling industry produces …
7. Many new ancillary machines have been incorporated …
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