Process design

"Process design" (in contrast to "design process" mentioned above) refers to the planning of routine steps of a process aside from the expected result. Processes (in general) are treated as a product of design, not the method of design. The term originated with the industrial designing of chemical processes. With the increasing complexities of the information age, consultants and executives have found the term useful to describe the design of business processes as well as manufacturing processes.

Section IV. Great Britain

PRESENT-DAY BRITAIN

BRITISH OR ENGLISH?

Some people find it difficult to distinguish between such names as British and English, between Britain and England; and the names the British Isles and the United Kingdom add to the difficulty. What exactly does each of these names mean?

Text 1

The British Isles¹

This is the geographical name that refers to all the islands situated off the north-west coast of the European continent: Great Britain², the whole of Ireland³ (Northern and Southern), and all the smaller islands situated between and around them: the Isle of Wight⁴, the Orkeys⁵, the Hhebrides⁶, the Shetlands⁷, the Isles of Scilly, the Channel Islands⁹ and the Isle of Man¹⁰.

─────────────────

¹ The British Isles [‘britiʃ ‘ailz] — Британские острава

² Great Britain [‘greit’britn] — Великобритания

³ Ireland [‘aiələnd] — Ирландия

⁴ the Isle of Wight [‘ail əv’wait] — остров Уайт

⁵ the Orkneys [‘ɔ:kniz] — Оркнейские острова

⁶ the Hebrides [;hebridi:z] — Гебриды

⁷ the Shetlands [‘ʃetlənd] — Шетландские острова

⁸ the Isles of Scilly [‘ailz əv’sili] — остров Сциллы

⁹ the Channel Islands [‘tʃænəl’ailəndz] — Нормандские острова

¹⁰ the Isle of Man [‘ailəv’mæn] — остров Мэн

QUESTIONS

1. What does the name British Isles refer to?

2. What smaller islands are situated between and around Great Britain and Ireland? Can you show them on the map?

Text 2