Define the stylistic device and explain what the effect produced by it is based on

a) No envy, Vindsor! Since thy shades have seen / As bright a goddess, and as chaste a queen…

A. Pope

b) I can’t remember any feeling but

A moderate pity, cool not swollen-eyed.

V. Scannell

c) I was ready to die with shame.

F. Burney

d) “The hand that mocked them and the heart that fed”

P.B. Shelley

e) Meanwhile the telephone conversation between Berlin and Chicago is coming to its conclusion.

D. Lodge

f) …when, at last, I saw him move towards the place where I sat, I was ready to sink with shame and distress.

F. Burney

g) No egg on Friday Alph will eat,

But drunken he will be

On Friday still. Oh, what a pure

Religious man is he!

Anonymous, 16^th century

h) There is a sort of Oh-what-a-wicked-world-this-is-and-how-wish-I-could-do-something-to-make-it-better-and-nobler expression about Montmorency that has been known to bring the tears into the eyes of pious old ladies and gentlemen.

J. K. Jerome

i) “No! Please! I’ll tell you whatever you want to know!” the man yelled. “Really?” said Vimes. “What’s the orbital velocity of the moon?” “What?” “Oh, you’d like something simpler?”

T. Prutchett

j) In the beginning there was nothing which exploded.

T. Prutchett

k) Mostly empty-nesters, Gratefuls are older than Obama Optimists. They feel they’ve dodged a financial bullet over the past year and, as a result, hold a deeper appreciation for what they have.

Parade, Nov. 2009

l) “But the law is an open door to politics”, protested Rachel.

I. Stone

m) The set of Shakespeares was laid upon the table, and he was tumbling them over!

L. Sterne

n) Night, sable goddess! from her ebon throne,

In rayless majesty, now stretches forth

Her leaden sceptre o’er a slumbering world.

E. Young

o) We should adopt for our new state the Indian name of the Great Crooked River, Tennessee, a word that has as sweet a flavor on the tongue as hot corncakes and honey.

I. Stone

p) They moved into Hunter’s Hill on a Tuesday toward the end of May.

I. Stone

q) Thus seasons dancing, life advancing,

Old Time and Nature their changes tell;

But never ranging, still unchanging

I adore my bonnie Bell.

R. Burns

r) Andrew, I just can’t let you waste your time and energy trying to fight gossip; it’s a Hydra-headed monster.

I. Stone

s) It was dark, yet the trees were friendly, as though they knew she needed protection against a cruel and chaotic world.

I. Stone

19. Identify the tropes in the following Russian examples:

1. Шляпа неожиданно оторвалась от чтения газет. (И. Ильф, Е. Петров)

2. Синий туман. Снеговое раздолье.

Тонкий лимонный лунный свет. (С. Есенин)

3. Утреннее солнце било в окно сквозь спущенную занавеску, и дрожащий луч, как лезвие, играл на графине. (А. Чехов)

4.... дроби, мой гневный ямб,

Каменья. (А. Блок)

5. Сделавшись кандидатом, Круциферский сначала попытался получить место в университете; потом думал пробиться частными уроками, – но все попытки были напрасны: он унаследовал от отца удачу во всех мероприятиях. (А. Герцен)

6. Природа пела. Лес, подняв лицо,

Пел вместе с лугом.

Речка чистым телом

Звенела вся, как звонкое кольцо. (Н. Заболоцкий)

7. А бедного солдата занесло вихрем далеко-далеко, за тридевять земель, в тридесятое государство, и бросило на косе промеж двух морей; упал он на самый узкий клинышек; направо ли сонный оборотится, налево ли повернется – тотчас в море свалится, и поминай, как звали! (А. Афанасьев)

8. Мой кот, как радиоприемник,

Зеленым глазом ловит мир. (А. Вознесенский)

9. Можжевеловый куст, можжевеловый куст,

Остывающий лепет изменчивых уст... (Н. Заболоцкий)

10. «Не отчаивайтесь», – возразила Марья Дмитриевна и хотела
потрепать ее по щеке, но – взглянула ей в лицо – и оробела. «Скромна, скромна, – подумала она, – а уж точно львица». (И. Тургенев)

11. Потому что здесь порой

ходит маленькая ножка,

Вьется локон золотой. (А. Пушкин)

12…листва, бесчисленная, как души

живших до нас на земле, лопочет

нечто на диалекте почек,…

И. Бродский

♦ Check Yourself

TEST 3

A.Choose the correct variant:

1) A trope is ___.

a) the meaning intensified

b) the meaning transferred

c) the position changed

d) the meaning emphasized

2) «Take away love and / Our earth is a(n) ___».

a) grave b) urn c) tomb d) vault

3) A fusion is ___.

a) a trope of contiguity

b) a simile

c) a comparative complex

d) a metaphor

4) «All the world is a stage, / And all the men and women merely» ___.

a) actors b) players c) clowns d) jesters

5) «The moon like a flower/ With silent delight/Sits and smiles/ ___».

a) so bright

b) on the night

c) in the night

d) at the night

6) A metaphor may be expressed through ___.

a) nouns b) verbs

c) adjectives d) any part of speech

7) A disparity action is ___.

a) a discrepancy effect b) a surprise effect

c) a variability effect d) a contiguity effect

8) A conceit is ___.

a) a religious image b) a romantic image

c) a fanciful image d) a materialized image

9) Genuine poetry can communicate before it is ___.

a) written b) understood

c) conceived d) cognized

10) «I should have been a pair of rugged сlaws» (Author)
a) Wilde b) Eliot

c) Aldington d) Shakespeare

11) A ___ is more rational, the process is rather that of analogising than of conflating.

a) metaphor b) synechdoche

c) simile d) metonymy

12) Metaphor (point out to three words of the same semantic field)

а) disclosure b) criticism

c) allegory d) manifestation

e) transference f) fable g) glossary

13) Multiple meaning is a distinctive feature of the genuine ___.

a) literature b) image

c) figure of speech d) poetry

14) R. Frost's «The Pasture» is referred to ___ poetry.

a) symbolist b)imageless

c) romantic d) classicist

15) «A shadow of a smile» is a(n) ___ metaphor.

a) extended b) poetic

c) genuine d) trite

16) ___ is based on contiguity (nearness) of objects or phenomena.

a) metaphor b) metonymy

c) simile d) hyperbole

17) ___ is based on relations between the part and the whole.

a)synechdoche b) metonymy

c) metaphor d) simile

18) «Good name in man and woman, dear my Lord;
Is the immediate jewel of their souls. (Author)

a) Burns b) Shakespeare

c) Byron d) Shelly

19) «The hidden laughter of children in the foliage», (kind of epithet)
a) metaphorical b) evaluative

c) syntactic d) metonvmical

20) «I will make a palace fit for you and me

Of green days in forest and blue days at sea», (interpretation)

a) gay and gloomy days

b) days in green forest and at blue sea

c) days of youth and mature age

d) you and me dressed in green and blue

21) «When his dog died, the world ended», (device)
a) irony b) hyperbole

c) personification d) metaphor

22) «It must be ___ to find oneself in a foreign country without a penny in one's pocket». (irony)

a) shameful c) delightful

b) scandalous d) dreadful

23) «A thousand pardons» and «scared to death» are ___ hyperboles.
a) genuine b) language

c) logical d) poetic

24) «Mother Nature blushes/Before disrobing». (device)
a) irony b) metonymy

c) metaphor d) personification

25) An attribute becomes an epithet when it is surrounded by other epithets and influenced by the emotional colouring of the neighbours. This effect is called __.

a) radiance b) irradiation

c) radiation d) regression