Валютно-финансовые

УЧЕБНОЕ ПОСОБИЕ

По английскому языку

«МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЕ

ВАЛЮТНО-ФИНАНСОВЫЕ

ИНСТИТУТЫ»

(повышенный уровень обучения)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

СОДЕРЖАНИЕ

1.	Introduction. Введение.
2.	Unit I. International Monetary Fund. Урок 1. Международный валютный фонд (МВФ).
3.	Unit II. What is the World Bank? Урок 2. Что такое Мировой банк?
4.	Unit III. The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. Урок 3. Европейский банк реконструкции и развития.
5.	Unit IV. Economic and Monetary Union. Урок 4. Европейский экономический и валютный союз.
6.	Unit V. The European Central Bank. Урок 5. Европейский центральный банк.
7.	Key. Ключи к упражнениям уроков.
8.	Test. Задания для программированного опроса.
9.	Key. Ключи к заданиям для программированного опроса.
10.	List of Literature. Список литературы.

UNIT I.

INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a specialized agency of the United Nations system. The IMF was conceived in July 1944 at a United Nations conference held at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, U.S.A. when representatives of 45 governments agreed on a framework for economic cooperation designed to avoid a repetition of the disastrous economic policies that had contributed to the Great Depression of the 1930s.

Headquartered in Washington, D.C., it is governed by its almost global membership of 184 countries.

The IMF is the central institution of the international monetary system—the system of international payments and exchange rates among national currencies that enables business to take place between countries.

It aims to prevent crises in the system by encouraging countries to adopt sound economic policies; it is also—as its name suggests— a fund that can be tapped by members needing temporary financing to address balance of payments problems.

The IMF’s statutory purposes include promoting the balanced expansion of world trade, the stability of exchange rates, the avoidance of competitive devaluations, the orderly correction of balance of payments deficit.

To serve these purposes, the IMF:

• monitors economic and financial developments and policies, in member countries and at the global level, and gives policy advice to its members based on its more than fifty years of experience;
• lends to member countries with balance of payments problems, not just to provide temporary financing but to support adjustment and reform policies aimed at correcting the underlying problems;
• provides the governments and central banks of its member countries with technical assistance and training in its areas of expertise.