2015-06-30
2530
In a typical federal state …
the regions may have their own legal systems
the powers of the regions are to a great extent limited
the federal government can only decide upon taxes
education is the concern of the central government
Ответьте на вопрос:
What country is an example of a federal state where the power of the central government is balanced by regional governments?
The USA is.
The UK is.
Canada is.
Switzerland is.
Определите основную идею текста.
Federalism is one of the ways of effective governing a country and preserving its unity.
A federal state is a state consisting of regions called states, provinces, lands or republics.
Federalism presupposes that regions have their own governments, legislature and courts.
Federalism lays down that regions must balance the excessive power of a central government.
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.
THE JURY
1. In England a person accused of crime must always be presumed innocent until he has been proven guilty. If a criminal case is serious it is always investigated with a jury. What is a jury and how does it function?
2. There are 12 members of the jury both men and women. There are quite a lot of people in England who think that 12 ordinary men and women are not capable of understanding properly all the evidence given at criminal trials. But there is no doubt about it because judges are great experts in summing up the evidence. The judge calls the jury's attention to all most important points in the evidence. He favoures neither prosecution nor defence. The members of the jury decide only the questions of fact. Questions of law are for the judge. The jury retire to a private room to consider the verdict. If the jury cannot agree, they must be discharged and a new jury is formed.
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3. A verdict has to be unanimous. English law requires that the guilt of an accused man must be proved 'beyond reasonable doubt'. When the jury return to the courtroom, they have to give only one answer "Guilty" or "Not guilty".
Определите, какое утверждение соответствует содержанию текста.
The jury must assess the facts as they perceive them in the light of the law, as instructed, to return a verdict.
The jury, a group of local citizens, function according to the rules worked out by the judge.
The jury fulfill their duties without submitting to the directions of the judge as to the rules or principles of the law.
The members of the jury decide both the questions of law and the questions of fact.
