GROUP C - Main carriage paid

CFR (Cost and Freight) named port of destination e.g. the port the goods are going to.

Delivery has occurred when the goods are on the ship at the port of shipment. The seller pays all the costs to this point and freight charges to the named port of destination. S/he provides the buyer with all the transport documentation showing freight paid to that point. The goods and transit risks become the buyer's when the goods have gone over the ship's rail at the port of shipment.

CIF (Cost, Insurance & Freight) named port of destination

Delivery occurs as in CFR (above) and the risks are the same, but the exporter pays cargo insurance.

CFR and GIF can only be used for sea and inland waterways.

CPT (Carriage Paid To) named place of destination

Delivery happens when goods are given to the carrier (if more than one, the first carrier, or a freight forwarder). The seller pays the costs of delivery to the named place and the buyer's risks start from there.

CIP (Carriage and Insurance Paid) named place of destination

Delivery occurs as in CPT with the buyer's risks being the same. The only change is the exporter pays the cost of cargo insurance.

GROUP D-Arrival

DAF (Delivered at Frontier) named place

Delivery happens when the buyer gets the goods at a named place on the frontier, cleared for export, but not cleared for import. The buyer assumes all risks from here. The exporter pays all the costs to this point, but does not pay for unloading or import clearing charges.

DES (Delivered Ex Ship) named port of destination

Delivery happens when buyer gets goods at named port. He then assumes all risks, but the exporter pays all costs to that point, but not unloading or import clearance.

DEQ (Delivered Ex Quay - Duty Paid) named port of destination

Delivery happens when the buyers gets the goods on his/her quay (dock) and assumes all risks from that point. The seller pays all charges to that point including import and customs clearance costs.

DES and DEQ can only be used for sea and inland waterways.

DDU (Delivered Duty Unpaid) named place of destination

Delivery takes place when the buyer gets the goods at the named place in the importing country and takes all the risks thereafter. The seller pays all costs to this point, but not duties and taxes.

DDP (Delivered Duty Paid) named place of destination

Delivery happens as in DDU, with the buyer taking the same risks. The seller pays all costs to this point including taxes and duties.