Grammar

GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM

Exercise 1. Practise the pronunciation of the following words. Translate them into Ukrainian:

membraneous [rnern'breiniəs], anus ['einəs], pharynx ['færiɳks], esophagus [i:'sofəgəs], pancreas ['pæɳkriəs], gland [glænd], salivary ['sælivəri], duodenum[,dju:əu'di:nəm], jejunum [dʒi'dʒu:nəm],ileum['iliərn], caecum ['si:kəm], colon ['kəulən], rectum['rektəm]

Exercise 2. Learn the topic vocabulary:

alimentary [,æli'mentəri] травний

canal [kə'næl] канал

small intestine тонкий кишечник

large intestine товстий кишечник

coated tongue обкладений язик

soft palate м’яке піднебіння

hard palate тверде піднебіння

through [Ɵru:] через

portion ['рɔ:ʃn] частина, відділ, доля

measure ['meʒə] міра, вимірювати

tube ['tju:b] трубка, тюбик

Exercise 3. Match the following words with their definitions and translate these words into your own language:

1.	mouth	a)	a muscular pear-shaped sac, lying underneath the right lobe of the liver, that stores bile and secretes it into the duodenum through the common bile duct
2.	stomach	b)	a reddish-brown glandular organ occupying the upper right part of the human abdominal cavity below the diaphragm; it secretes bile and plays an important part in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fat, helps to maintain a correct balance of nutrients
3.	gallbladder	c)	the part of the body that contains such inner organs as stomach, kidneys, liver, heart and lungs, etc.
4.	teeth	d)	an organ that synthesizes chemical substances and secretes them directly into the bloodstream to activate the work of the whole body
5.	abdomen	e)	the organ of taste which helps chew and swallow of food. In man it plays an important part in the articulation of speech sounds
6.	gland	f)	the muscular sac-like part of the alimentary canal in which food is stored
7.	tongue	g)	bonelike structures in the jaws of humans that help biting, tearing, or chewing food
8.	liver	h)	the opening through which people take in food and produce sounds

Exercise 4. Fill in the table. There are 27 words for parts of the body and six categories. Decide which category/categories each part of the body belongs to. See the first as the example. Translate the given parts of the body.

Part of the body	Arm	Hand	Leg	Foot	Trunk	Head
abdomen					X
ankle
buttock
calf
cheek
chest
chin
ear
elbow
eyelash
eyebrow
eyelid
finger
forearm
forehead
hair
hip (femur)
knee
lips
nails
neck
nose
shoulder
sole
toe
thumb
wrist

Exercise 5. Match the following English expressions with their Ukrainian equivalents:

bone marrow		кріпкий сон
muscular tissue		спинний мозок
carbon dioxide		поживні речовини
aqueous solution		нервові клітини
blood vessels		дихальна система
respiratory system		кістковий мозок
spinal cord		м’язова тканина
nervous cells		вуглекислий газ
sound sleep		водний розчин
feeding substances		кровоносні сосуди

Exercise 6. Translate the following word-combinations into your own language:

the alimentary tract, musculomembraneous canal, in length, to extend from the oral cavity to the anus, to consist of, the small intestine, the large intestine, the salivary glands, to be formed by, important structures, the organ of taste, the soft and hard palates, in the oral cavity, a dilated portion of the alimentary tract, under the diaphragm, a thin-walled muscular tube, to be composed of, the largest gland.

Grammar