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| Possibility | Can + infinitive Can express physical or technical possibility or capacity | The A320 can carry 172 passengers. |
| Probability | May is used to indicate that an action or event could occur (happen) Could is also used | In dense cloud, ice may form on the wings. Hot oil could cause injury. The regulations say that the pilot may shorten the holding pattern. |
| Necessity | Must, shall and have to are commonly used to express necessity | If the tire is deflated the mechanic must remove it. Non-approved lubricants shall not be used. A pilot must execute a missed approach if the radio aid fails, according to the manual. |
Ä Useful tips
− You can use Modal verbs when you are asked about aviation regulations or describe a standard procedure.
What is the normal procedure in situations like these?
The normal procedure is to follow (comply with)…
The regulations say that a pilot must (may, should, shall) ….try (use, execute, adjust, exceed, return …) …system can be used…
According to SOPs (standard operating procedures) in such situations a pilot should…
STEP II. Look through the drafts you made in the Vocabulary review section. Correct grammar mistakes if necessary. Can you enrich you drafts with different grammar structures?
Part III. Speaking
Ä Ability tested
This section tests your ability to exchange personal and professional information, to express your own opinions and attitudes and find out about people’s opinions and attitudes.
Ä Basic skills necessary
You must be able to understand the examiner’s questions (sometimes they contain rather complicated constructions and vocabulary) and answer these questions based on what you have heard.
This section also requires a strong professional vocabulary.
Ä How to prepare for the Speaking section.
