2015-08-21
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I.
1. To what historical event is the Romantic Movement due?
2. Define Romanticism as a humanist movement.
3. What forms of literature were demanded by the new themes for literature which arouse out of Romanticism.
4. What trends did Romanticism develop in poetry? Characterize each trend.
5. Who were the Lake Poets? What kind of poetry did they write at the beginning of the French Revolution and during the second period of their creative work?
6. How did the Lake School influence the language of English poetry?
II.
1. What makes Byron a poet of “world sorrow”?
2. Name the works of the poet in which he glorifies the valour of the romantic individual. Why was this type of character popular among Byron’s contemporaries?
3. What progressive ideas of the age can be traced in “Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage”?
4. What is the poet’s attitude towards wars?
5. How did Byron defend the oppressed classes in England?
6. Comment on Byron’s influence upon Russian literature. What features are characteristic both of Byron’s and Lermontov’s poetry?
III.
1. Comment on Shelley as the most revolutionary romanticist of his land.
2. Compare Byron’s and Shelley’s attitude towards the French Revolution with that of the Lake Poets.
3. Speak about the development of Shelley’s progressive views as they are expressed in his poems.
4. Why did Engels call him a prophet?
5. Dwell on Shelley’s lyrical poetry, on the beauty of his verse.
IV.
1. What social problems did Scott try to solve in his novels?
2. What was Scott’s historical approach to life?
3. On what historical facts is the novel “Ivanhoe” based? With whom does Scott side?
4. Dwell on the typical features of Scott’s creative method.
5. Why did Belinsky, who laid the theoretical foundation of the method of critical realism, value and admire Scott’s works?
[1] Scylding [‘skildin_]-the family name of Hrothgar.
[2] Geatmen [‘gi:tmэn]-Jutes.
1The word “church” when written with a capital letter, means “religion”, and when written with a small letter, means “the place of worship”. Here “Christian Churches” means “the Christian religion of different European countries”.
1 The English-Danish aristocracy were earls (jarls) and knights, and the Norman-French aristocracy were dukes and barons.
1 The evil qualities of man are called “vice” and the moral qualities of man are called “virtue”.
1 “Lollard” is a Dutch word, it means “mumble”, “speak”; it was a nickname given to the poor priests.
2 to delve – to dig the earth, to till.
3 span- spun old form; to spin –to twist wool into thread.
1 to ransom – to buy the freedom of …
2 Evil Report-ill words spoken on purpose against someone.
1 A canon was a priest who possessed knowledge of church laws.
1 to pay on the nail – to pay without delay.
1 ere – before.
1 Unless you will vouchsafe your kind compliance… - Unless you will be kind enough to agree..
1 A pardoner was a servant of the Church in the Middle Ages who sold “pardons” from the Pope.
1 The word “undiscreet” is not used now; in Middle English “a people undiscreet” meant “ a trustless people”.
1 The sheriff was the chief officer of the king in a country or shire, responsible for administering justice and keeping the peace.
2 Nottinghamshire – a country in Central England.
1 Nottingham was divided into two parts: the Norman and the Saxon quarters. Each quarter had its market-place.
1 mirth for to hear – to hear merry tales.
2 he was aware of – he noticed.
1 he did frisk it –he danced.
2 come dropping – coming with his head hanging.
3 Alack and well-a-day! – Alas!
4 you (archaic) – yonder – that, over there.
5 hast thou (archaic) – have you.
1 tane - taken.
2 quoth-said, spoke.
3 hasted - hastened, hurried.
4 He did neither stint nor lin - he never stopped.
5 I prithee - I pray thee
6 glistering -glistening
1 thy word shall not stand - what you have said can't be done.
2 quire - choir.
3 Full dearly he shall her buy.-He shall pay for it dearly.
1 Servetus, Michael - (1511-1553), Spanish surgeon; became well known for his experiments in dissection and had success as a physician. He also wrote on religion and was accused of heresy not only by the Catholic Church, but also by the leading Reformers of Europe. He was seized in Geneva by Calvin and burnt at the stake.
2 Latin term for the planet Earth. Its exact Russian equivalent is земной шар V. R.
1 Karl Marks and Frederik Engels. Selected Works in Two Volumes. Moscow, Foreign Languages Publishing House, 1958, vol. 2, pp. 62-64.
1 The words are taken from the English translation of "Utopia" made by Ralph Robinson in 1551 and given in modern spelling.
1 St. Bartholomew's Day is remembered for the massacre of the French Protestants, the Huguenots ['hju:genouz], by order of the Queen of France, Catherine de Medici ['medichi], who was a Catholic.
1 The Puritans were the revolutionary wing of the Protestants in England during the 16th and 17th centuries. They belonged to the petty bourgeoisie and fought against the extravagance of the established church. This resulted in their attacks against literature and the stage.
2 "sizar [saize]" - a poor student who paid less for his education than others and who had to serve the richer students during meals.
1 Archaic spelling of "The Fairy Queen".
2 washed. The mark over e means that - ed is to be read as a separate syllable.
1 Book 7 of "The Faerie Queene" was left unfinished.
1 Land-owners of gentle birth, not possessing a title.
2 A genre, wide-spread in European literature from the 16th century, in which the rogue-hero tells about his adventures. (The word "picaresque" comes from the Spanish word "picaro" -an adventurer, a rogue.) He is usually a poor man who tries, by hook or by crook, to gain a place in life. Picaresque novels depict the life of the time with broad realism and satire. They influenced the prose fiction of the Enlightenment.
1 That is, Tamerlane (Timur, 1333-1405), ruler of Samarkand and conqueror of many countries.
1 the queen's private counsellors.
1 This view of Marlowe was first put forth by the Soviet scholar, A. T. Parfyonov.
1Some of the more advanced Puritans held republican views; their aim was the establishment of a republican government instead of a monarchy.
2 Archaic grammatical form, out of which the modern Possessive Case developed. (We would say: "Sejanus's Fall" and "Catiline's Conspiracy".)
