Упражнения

Упражнение 1. Переведите на русский язык следующие словосочетания с причастиями:

a) a smiling girl, playing children, a writing boy, a falling tree, a laughing baby, a sleeping man, a walking couple, reading audience, a running sportsman, a developing country, a crying child, a burning house.

6) a broken cup, a translated text, an unanswered letter, an opened window, a closed door, an occupied room, a written letter, a fallen tree, a discussed problem, produced goods, a cooked dinner, a surprised man, lighted windows, a developed country.

Упражнение 2. Образуйте причастие I или II,поставьте его в нужную форму, подходящую к существительному:

1. (grow) interest 2. a (complicate) explanation 3. an (excite) child 4. a (terrify) experiment 5. (worry) problem 6. (well-pay) job 7. a (pass) bus 8. a (burn) barn 9. an (excite) story 10. a (steal) car 11. (fly) fish 12. (run) water 13. a (freeze) lake 14. (blind) light 15. a (break) 16. a (die) soldier 17. a (cheer) crowd 18. a (swim) lesson 19. a (destroy) church 20. (longplay) records 21. the (follow) chapter

Упражнение 3. Выберите форму причастия в каждом предложении:

1. I must have the mixer (fixing, fixed). 2. I don't find this story (amusing, amused). 3. My room is a mess: I really must get it (tidying, tidied) up. 4. I would stay at home after such a (tiring, tired) day. 5. Uncle Frank has a gentle old horse (naming, named) Pete on his farm. 6. Can you smell something (burning, burned)? 7. He opened the letter with (shaking, shaken) fingers. 8. She had rather a (pleasing, pleased) look on her face. 9. Deeply (shocking, shocked) I left them. 10. When (answering, answered) your question yesterday I forgot this fact. 11. He walked along the road with his collar (turning, turned) up, hands in pockets. 12. I didn't enjoy the party because I was (boring, bored) there. 13. Why not throw away the (breaking, broken) umbrella we are not likely to repair it. 14. She didn't pay any attention to the (ringing, rung) tele­phone. 15. Don't you think your hair needs (cutting, cut)?

Упражнение 4. Определите форму и функцию причастия в следующих предложениях. Переведите их на русский язык:

1. This is the book so much spoken about. 2. Having realized that she had missed the train the woman began to walk slowly. 3. The method followed by our scientists was not simple. 4. She was walking slowly stopping sometimes to have a short rest. 5. Having found no one at home he went to his neighbours. 6. A letter lying on the table must be posted. 7. If asked he will explain you everything, 8. We came up to the crying girl to ask where her mother was. 9. Here is a telegram announcing his death. 10. I saw him working in the garden. 11. I heard them speaking in the next room.

Упражнение 5. Преобразуйте предложения, употребив причастия в функции а) определения; б) обстоятельства времени, причины.

a) Образец: The man who is reading a book is my father.

The man reading a book is my father.

1. I took the newspaper which was lying on the table. 2. The house which is being built opposite my house is a modern nine-storeyed building. 3. The books which have been written by Picul are read with interest. 4. The pupil who is being asked by the teacher is Pavlov. 5. The car which is parked in front of the house is mine.

6) Образец: As he was busy he refused an invitation. Being busy he refused an invitation.

1. As he was late he had to excuse himself. 2. As he had spent all his money he decided to go home. 3. When they were going home they met their teacher. 4. While he was translating the text, he wrote out new words. 5. After they had visited the museum they decided to have a cup of coffee. 6. The girl entered the room and didn't lock it.

Упражнение 6. Объедините следующие предложения. Употребив нужную форму причастия:

Образец: He was very busy. He had to refuse our invitation.

Being busy he had to refuse our invitation.

1. I knew that he was poor. I offered him a room. 2. She didn't want to listen to the story again. She had heard it before. 3. She entered the room suddenly. She found them smoking. 4. I had looked through the fashion magazine. I realized that my clothes were out of date. 5. She turned on the light. She was surprised at what she saw. 6. I fed the dog. I sat down to my own dinner. 7. I sat in the front row. I saw everything beautifully. 8. She was singing a song. I heard it.

Герундий (The Gerund)

Герундий имеет свойства как глагола, так и существительного. Подобной неличной формы в русском языке нет. Как и существительное, герундий может выполнять в предложении функции подлежащего, дополнения, определения и обстоятельства с предлогом. Как глагол может иметь после себя прямое дополнение и определяться наречием, иметь перфектную форму, категорию залога, а также выражать действие как процесс.

Герундий образуется от основы глагола с помощью суффикса – ing: t o translate - translating, to read - reading.

Формы герундия

	Active	Passive
Indefinite	writing	being written
Perfect	having written	having been written

Формы Indefinite Gerund обозначают действия, одновременные с действием, выраженным глаголом-сказуемым.

He likes inviting friends to his place. Он любит приглашать друзей к себе.
He likes being invited to his friends. Он любит, когда его приглашают к себе его друзья.

Перфектные формы герундия (Perfect Gerund) обозначают действия, предшествующие действию, выраженному глаголом-сказуемым.

He is proud of having invited this man to his place. Он гордится тем, что пригласил этого человека к себе. He was proud of having been invited to the party. Он гордился тем, что его пригласили на вечер.