Degrees of Comparison (Степени сравнения прилагательных)

BМИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ Российской Федерации

Федеральное государственное бюджетное

образовательное учреждение высшего образования

«ТЮМЕНСКИЙ ИНДУСТРИАЛЬНЫЙ университет»

МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ указания

по самостоятельной работе по дисциплине «Иностранный язык» (английский) для студентов образовательной программы по направлению 15.03.01 – Машиностроение программы подготовки «Системы автоматизированного проектирования и технологической подготовки производства»

Тюмень 2017

Методические указания по самостоятельной работе по дисциплине «Иностранный язык» (английский) для студентов образовательной программы направления 15.03.01 – «Машиностроение», профиль подготовки «Системы автоматизированного проектирования и технологической подготовки производства» / сост. Е.И. Аржиловская - Тюмень: Издательский центр ТИУ. 2017. - 36 с.

Составитель:

Аржиловская Е.И. – канд. соц. наук, доцент кафедры иностранных языков

UNIT 1

You and People Around You

Используйте вебсайты (с ключами) для отработки грамматики урока:

Personal and Possessive Pronouns (Личные и притяжательные местоимения)

http://s-english.ru/uprazhneniya/personal-pronouns

http://s-english.ru/uprazhneniya/possessive-pronouns

To be

Http://s-english.ru/uprazhneniya/simple-tenses

http://www.correctenglish.ru/tests/grammar/to-be/
http://english4real.com/grammar-exercises-el-be.html
https://www.learnathome.ru/grammar/to-be-was-were.html

have got / has got
http://husainova.school2-lens.edusite.ru/p3aa1.html
http://englsecrets.ru/testy/test-to-be-to-have.html
http://ingilizceci.bizhat.com/tests/beginner/havegot_hasgot.htm

Article (Артикль.)

http://s-english.ru/uprazhneniya/zero-article

http://s-english.ru/uprazhneniya/definite-article

http://s-english.ru/uprazhneniya/indefinite-article

http://s-english.ru/uprazhneniya/u-articles

http://grammar-tei.com/artikli-s-pered-imenami-i-familiyami-test/

http://s-english.ru/uprazhneniya/articles-with-names

Present Simple

http://s-english.ru/uprazhneniya/present-simple-past-simple

http://englisch-infoblog.ru/grammaticheskie-testy-2/test-na-present-simple

http://study-english.info/exercises-present-simple.php

http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/present-simple-exercise-6.html

Present Continuous / Present Simple

http://s-english.ru/uprazhneniya/continuous-tenses

http://englisch-infoblog.ru/grammaticheskie-testy-2/test-na-present-simple http://study-english.info/exercises-present-simple.php

http://englsecrets.ru/testy/test-present-simple-present-continuous.html

http://www.interactive-english.ru/testy-po-grammatike/238-simple-continuous-test/

Plural forms of the noun (Множественное число существительных)

http://s-english.ru/uprazhneniya/countables-uncountables

http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/330/grammar/plural1.htm

http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/330/grammar/irrplu1.htm

http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=723

http://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/grammar-exercise-plural.php

https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/nouns/exercises?03

Topical vocabulary

family [ˈfæməlɪ] – семья

father [ˈfɑːðə] – отец

dad [dæd]; dad, daddy [ˈdædɪ], papa – (синонимы, разг.) папа, папочка

mother [ˈmʌðə] – мать

mum [mʌm]; mummy [ˈmʌmɪ] – (синонимы, разг.) мама; мамочка

daughter [ˈdɔːtə] – дочь

son [sʌn] - сын

sister [ˈsɪstə] - сестра

brother [ˈbrʌðə] – брат

twin [twɪn] - близнец, двойняшка

grandmother [ˈɡræn(d)ˌmʌðə] – бабушка;

grandma [ˈɡræn(d)mɑː] – (разг.) бабушка, бабуля

grandfather [ˈɡræn(d)ˌfɑːðə] – дедушка;

grandpa [ˈɡrænpɑː] – (разг.) дедушка, дедуля

grandson [ˈɡræn(d)sʌn] – внук

granddaughter [ˈɡræn(d)ˌdɔːtə] – внучка

grandchildren ['græn(d)ʧɪldrən] внуки

parents ['pɛərənts] – родители
old folks – (синоним, разг.) родители

ancestor [ˈænsəstə] – предок

descendant [dɪ'sendənt] – потомок, отпрыск

direct [dɪˈrɛkt, daɪˈrɛkt] / lineal [ˈlɪnɪəl] descendant — потомок по прямой линии

relative ['relətɪv] – родственник

She has no living relatives on her mother’s side. – Со стороны матери у неё не осталось родственников в живых.

distant relative – дальний родственник

remote kinsman (kinswoman) – (разг.) седьмая вода на киселе

aunt [ɑːnt] – тётя

auntie [ɑːnti] – (ласк.) тетушка

uncle ['ʌŋkl] дядя

nephew ['nefjuː ], ['nevjuː] - племянник

niece [niːs] – племянница

cousin ['kʌz(ə)n] – двоюродный брат (или сестра)

second cousin – троюродный брат (сестра)

He is my second cousin. – Он мне доводится троюродным братом.

Relatives by Marriage (Родственники по браку)

wife [waɪf] - жена

husband [ˈhʌzbənd] - муж

child [tʃaɪld], children [ˈtʃɪldrən] - ребенок, дети

spouse [spaʊz] - супруг(а)

father-in-law [ˈfɑːðərɪnlɔː] – свёкр (тесть)

mother-in-law [ˈmʌðərɪnˌlɔː] – свекровь (тёща)

sister-in-law [ˈsɪstərɪnlɔː] – золовка (свояченица)

brother-in-law [ˈbrʌðərɪnˌlɔː] – шурин

son-in-law [ˈsʌnɪnlɔː] – зять

daughter-in-law [ˈdɔːtərɪnlɔː] – невестка

family name - фамилия

family man - семейный человек

stepfather ['stepˌfɑːðə] – отчим

stepmother ['stepˌmʌðə] – мачеха

stepdaughter [ˈstɛpˌdɔːtə]- падчерица

stepson [ˈstɛpsʌn] – пасынок

(step – шаг)

half-brother [ˈhɑːfˌbrʌðə] – сводный брат, брат по одному из родителей

half-sister [ˈhɑːfˌsɪstə] – сводная сестра, сестра по одному из родителей

(half – половина)

adopted child – усыновленный ребенок

foster home - семья, принявшая на воспитание ребёнка

foster child – приемный ребенок

single-parent family – неполная семья (с одним родителем)

orphan ['ɔːf(ə)n] – сирота

Marital Status (Семейное положение)

marital ['mærɪtəl] status – семейное положение

engagement [m'geidgmant] – 1) помолвка, обручение 2) обязательство

marriage ['maendg] - 1) брак; женитьба; замужество; 2) свадьба

wedding ['wedin] - свадьба; бракосочетание

silver [ˈsɪlvə] wedding - серебряная свадьба

golden [ˈɡəʊldən] wedding - золотая свадьба

diamond [ˈdaɪəmənd] wedding - бриллиантовая свадьба

wedding ring - обручальное кольцо

newly-weds [ˈnjuːlɪwɛdz] - молодожены

bride [braɪd] / fiancée [fɪˈɑːnseɪ] - невеста

bridegroom [ˈbraɪdɡrʊm] / fiancé [fɪˈɑːnseɪ] - жених

sham marriage – фиктивный брак

sham [ʃæm] – притворство, симуляция; поддельный, фальшивый

civil marriage – гражданский брак

divorce [dɪˈvɔːs] – развод; разводиться

single ['sɪŋgl] – холостой (-ая), неженатый (незамужем)

married ['mærɪd] – замужем, женатый

unmarried [ʌn'mærɪd] - холостой (-ая), неженатый (незамужем)

unmarried couple — незарегистрированная пара; пара, живущая в гражданском браке

bachelor ['bæʧələ] – 1. холостяк; 2. бакалавр

widow [ˈwɪdəʊ] — вдова

widowed — овдовевший

widower [ˈwɪdəʊə] — вдовец

pregnant ['pregnənt] – беременная

divorced [dɪ'vɔːs] - разведенный

engaged [ɪn'geɪʤd] - 1) помолвленный, обрученный 2) занятый

ex [eks] – бывший

ex-husband – бывший муж

ex-wife – бывшая жена

senior [ˈsiːnɪə] - самый старший (употребляется при сравнении); пожилой; старейший; вышестоящий

junior [ˈdʒuːnɪə] - младший (о сыне в отличие от отца)

elderly [ˈɛldəlɪ] - пожилой (Syn.: aged [ˈeɪdʒɪd])

grown-up [ˈɡrəʊnʌp] - взрослый

mature [məˈtʃʊə] – зрелый

adult [əˈdʌlt] – взрослый, совершеннолетний

nickname ['nɪkneɪm] - прозвище

to adopt [ə'dɔpt] - усыновлять, удочерять

to be born - родиться
to bring (brought, brought) up – воспитывать

to divorce – разводиться

to marry – жениться (Syn.: to get married)

to be unmarried - быть незамужем (неженатым)

to court [kɔːt] – ухаживать

to die [dai] умереть, скончаться

to become (became, become) widow - овдоветь

to retire [rɪˈtaɪə] - уйти на пенсию, в отставку

to take [teik] (took, taken) after - пойти в кого-л.

1. Read and translate the text “FAMILY”:

FAMILY

There are many different views on family life. Some people could not do without the support and love of their families. Others say it is the source of most of our problems and anxieties. Whatever the truth is, the family is definitely a powerful symbol. Turn on the television or open a magazine and you will see advertisements featuring happy, balanced families.

The family is the most basic and ancient of all institutions, and it remains the fundamental social unit in every society. Sociologists divide families into two general types: the nuclear family and the extended family, which may include three or more generations living together.

There are people who say that the family unit in Britain is in crisis and that the traditional family life is in the past. This is of great concern to those who think a healthy society is dependent upon a stable family life. A “typical” British family used to consist of a mother, a father and two children, but in recent years there have been many changes in family life. Some of these have been caused by new laws and others are the result of changes in society. For example, since the law made it easier to get a divorce, the number of divorces has increased. In fact, one marriage in three now ends in divorce.

This means that there are a lot of one-parent families. Society is now more tolerant than it used to be of unmarried people, unmarried couples and single parents.

You might think that marriage and the family are not so popular as they once were. However, the majority of divorced people marry again, and they sometimes take responsibility for a second family. Members of a family – grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins – keep in touch, but they see less of each other than they used to. This is because people often move away from their home town to work, and so their family becomes scattered.

In general, each generation is keen to become independent of parents in establishing its own family unit, and this fact can lead to social as well as geographical differences within the larger family group. Relationships within the family are different now. Parents treat their children more as equals than they used to, and children have more freedom to make their own decisions. The father is more involved with bringing up children, often because the mother goes out to work. Increased leisure facilities and more money mean that there are greater opportunities outside the home. Although the family holiday is still an important part of family life (usually taken in August, and often abroad) many children have holidays away from their parents.

Who looks after the older generation? The government gives financial help in the form of a pension but in the future it will be more and more difficult for the nation economy to support the increasing number of elderly. At present time, more than half of all old people are looked after at home. Many others live in Old People’s Homes, which may be private or state owned.

But still, the English are a nation of stay-at-homes. “There is no place like home”, they say. And when the man is not working he is at home in the company of his wife and children and busies himself with the affairs of the home. “The Englishman’s home is his castle”, is a saying known all over the world. And it is true.

And what is the American family like? Most American families consist of a mother, a father and three or four children living at home. There may be relatives – grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, and in-laws in the same community, but American families usually maintain separate households. This familial structure is known as the “nuclear family”. It is unusual for members of the family other than the husband, wife and children to live together. Occasionally an aging grandparent may live with the family, but this arrangement is usually not considered desirable. Although the nuclear family unit is economically independent of the rest of the family, members of the whole family maintain close kinship ties.

In the American family the husband and wife usually share important decision making. When the children are old enough, they participate as well. Foreign observers are frequently amazed by the permissiveness of American parents. The father seldom expects his children to obey him without question, and children are often allowed to do what they wish without strict parental control. Americans believe strongly that the individual person should have the freedom to decide the course of his or her life. Independence is highly valued in the United States. Children are expected to make choices – appropriate to their age and maturity level – in many areas of their lives. Parents encourage their children to make choices from an early age: how to decorate their bedroom, how to spend money which they have earned, or what camp they would like to attend. By the time children reach secondary schools, they are expected to be able to choose among a variety of courses and activities: American or world literature? Spanish or Japanese? College preparatory or vocational courses? Football or the school band? Of course, parents and school advisors help with these decisions, but great emphasis is put on individual choice. By adulthood, Americans want and expect to choose where they will live, where they will work, and with whom they will socialize and marry. Young people are expected to break from their families by the time they have reached their late teens or early twenties. Indeed, not to do so is often regarded as a failure, kind of weak dependence.

This pattern of independence often results in serious problems for the aging parents of a nuclear family. The job-retirement age is usually 65. The children have left home, married and set up their own households. Elderly couples feel useless and lonely with neither an occupation nor a close family group. Many communities and church groups sponsor social centres for “senior citizens”. At these centres older men and women can make friends and participate in a variety of planned activities.

So, what exactly is a family? Our ideas on the subject may tend to be ethnocentric, for they are often based on the middle-class “ideal” family, one that consists of a husband, a wife, and their dependent children. This particular family pattern, however, is far from typical. A more accurate conception of the family must take account of the many different family forms that have existed or still exist both in America and in other countries. We may say, then, that the family is a relatively permanent group of people related by ancestry, marriage, or adoption, who live together, form an economic unit, and take care of the young.

2. Give the English equivalents to the following using the words and word-combinations from the text “FAMILY”:

- существует много точек зрения на...

- некоторые не могут обойтись без поддержки...

- источник большинства проблем и волнений

- что бы там ни было

- показывать счастливые гармоничные семьи по ТВ

- «типичная» английская семья обычно состояла из...

- получить развод

- неполные семьи

- нести ответственность за вторую семью

- поддерживать отношения

- финансовая помощь в виде пенсии

- родственники по линии жены / мужа

- родственники / родня

- вести отдельное / самостоятельно домашнее хозяйство

- такое положение вещей считается нежелательным

- материально / экономически не зависеть от родственников

- поддерживать тесные родственные связи

- принимать важные решения сообща

- принимать участие в…

- удивляться вседозволенности, предоставляемой американскими родителями

- беспрекословно подчиняться кому-либо

- строгий родительский контроль

- американцы глубоко убеждены

- иметь свободу выбора

- высоко цениться

- делать выбор

- соответственно своему возрасту и степени зрелости

- поощрять детей в принятии решений

- с раннего возраста

- обставить / украсить комнату

- зарабатывать деньги

- разнообразие учебных предметов

- подготовительные или профориентационные курсы

- общаться, встречаться, бывать в обществе (тусоваться)

- считаться неудачей / расценивать как...

- пенсионный возраст

- обзавестись собственными семьями

- принимать во внимание

- заботиться о ком-либо

3. Read the text “Family” carefully for details. Look in the text for the answers:

1) Are there many different views on family life? What are they?

2) The family is definitely a powerful symbol, isn’t it?

3) What types do sociologists divide families into?

4) What do you know about the traditional family life in Britain?

5) Describe a “typical” British family.

6) Have there been many changes in British family life in recent years? What are the causes?

7) Marriage and the family are not so popular now, are they?

8) Why do members of a family – grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins – see less of each other than they used to?

9) Is each generation keen to become independent of parents in establishing its own family unit? Where does it lead to?

10) Relationships within the family are different now, aren’t they? Prove it.

11) Who looks after the older generation?

12) Are the English a nation of stay-at-homes?

13) And what is the American family like?

14) Do American families usually maintain separate households?

15) Is the nuclear family unit economically independent of the rest of the family?

16) Who usually shares important decision making in the American family?

17) Foreign observers are frequently amazed by the permissiveness of American parents, aren’t they?

18) Is independence highly valued in the United States?

19) At what age are young people expected to break from their families?

20) When do American aging people retire?

21) Why do elderly couples feel useless and lonely?

22) Who sponsors social centres for “senior citizens”?

23) What is a family? Must we take account of the many different family forms that have existed or still exist both in America and in other countries?

4. Are these statements true or false? Use the phrases in the list:

True	False
I fully agree with you!	I disagree with you!
I’m of the same opinion.	I differ from you.
That’s all right!	Far from it.
That’s it! Just it! Exactly so!	Just the reverse.
I’m all for it!	Just the other way round!
Undoubtedly.	Nothing of the kind.
Beyond all doubts.	I object to it.
Looks like that.	It makes no sense.
I think so. I expect so.	By no means.

1) There are many different views on family life.

2) The family unit in Britain is in crisis and the traditional family life is in the past.

3) A “typical” British family used to consist of a mother, a father and three children.

4) There have been no changes in British family life recently.

5) Marriage and the family are not so popular as they once were.

Members of a family – grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins – don’t keep in touch with each other.

7) Each generation is keen to become independent of parents in establishing its own family unit.

8) Relationships within the British family are different now.

9) More than half of all old people are looked after at home.

10) Many others live in Old People’s Homes, which are private.

11) The English are a nation of stay-at-homes.

12) Most American families consist of a mother, a father and two children.

13) It is usual for members of the family other than the husband, wife and children to live together.

14) The nuclear family is economically dependent of the rest of the family.

15) In the American family the husband and wife usually share important decision making, the children do not participate in it.

16) Foreign observers are frequently amazed by the permissiveness of American parents.

17) Americans believe strongly that parents should decide the course of their children’s life.

18) Young people are expected to break from their families by the time they have reached thirty.

19) The job-retirement age in the USA is 60.

20) Elderly couples feel useless and lonely with neither an occupation nor a close family group.

21) An “ideal” family is one that consists of a husband, a wife, and their dependent children.

5. Supply the missing prepositions and adverbs where necessary:

1. There are many different views... family life.

2. A “typical” British family used to consist... a mother, a father and two children, but... recent years there have been many changes... family life.

3. One marriage... three now ends... divorce.

4. The majority... divorced people marry again, and they sometimes take responsibility... a second family.

5.... general, each generation is keen to become independent... parents... establishing its own family unit.

6. The father is more involved... bringing up children, often because the mother goes...... work.

7. Who looks... the older generation?

8. The government gives financial help... the form... a pension but... the future it will be more difficult... the nation economy to support the increasing number... elderly.

9. It is unusual... members... the family other than the husband, wife and children to live together.

10. Foreign observers are frequently amazed... the permissiveness... American parents.

11.... adulthood, Americans want and expect to choose where they will live, where they will work, and... whom they will socialize and marry.

12. Children are expected to make choices – appropriate... their age and maturity level –... many areas... their lives.

13. A more accurate conception... the family must take account... the many family forms that have existed or still exist both … America and … other countries.

14. The family is a relatively permanent group … people related … ancestry, marriage, or adoption, who live together, form an economic unit, and take care … the young.

6. Read the text. Translate it paying special attention to the underlined words and word-combinations. Do it in writing:

The Unhappy Man

A London newspaper recently published a case of suicide, in which the reasons that moved the unhappy man to lay violent hands upon himself were found in the shape of a letter in his left boot.

In this letter he wrote: “I married a widow who had a grown-up daughter. My father visited us frequently, fell in love with my step-daughter and married her. Thus, my own father became my son-in-law, and my step-daughter, being the wife of my father, became my mother. After some time, my wife presented me with a son, - of course, he was my father’s brother-in-law and my uncle, for he was the brother of my step-mother. My father’s wife, that is my step-daughter, had also a son, - of course, he was my brother, but at the same time he was also my grandson, for he was the son of my daughter. My wife was also my grandmother, being the mother of my mother. I was the husband of my wife, but at the same time also her grandson, and since the husband of my grandmother is naturally also my grandfather, I am my own grandfather....

I should like to see the man who could bear all this.”

Unit 2

Appearance

Используйте вебсайты (с ключами) для отработки грамматики урока:

Числительные

http://grammar-tei.com/poryadkovye-chislitelnye-v-anglijskom-yazyke-ordinal-numerals/

http://s-english.ru/uprazhneniya/u-numbers

http://s-english.ru/uprazhneniya/ordinal-numbers

Типы предложений.

http://s-english.ru/uprazhneniya/word-order

http://s-english.ru/uprazhneniya/exclamatory-sentences

http://s-english.ru/uprazhneniya/impersonal-sentences