Контрольная работа №1

(2 курс Рз, Рзс (Iсеместр))

ВАРИАНТ 1

3адание.1. Сделайте письменный перевод текста.

NAVTEX

NAVTEX is an international automated direct-printing service, broadcasting on the single frequency of 518 kHz. NAVTEX fulfils an integral role within the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) and has been developed to provide a low-cost simple means of receiving maritime safety information (MSI) on board ships in coastal waters. Installation of NAVTEX receiver is not mandatory on all classes of vessel, but the advantage of NAVTEX service on 518 kHz is that the receiver is tuned to one single frequency, and can be programmed to receive certain classes of massages from one or more stations relevant to the passage. These messages are:

Gale warnings are broadcast by the appropriate NAVTEX station on receipt from the Met. Office and repeated in the next four-hourly routine broadcast.

Bulletins include the Synopsis, the Area forecasts for the next 24 hours plus an outlook, giving an indication of hazards extended in the following 24 hours for the sea areas mentioned in the bulletin. Areas for which there are Gale Warnings in operation are signaled at the head of the bulletin.

Once a day an extended outlook is broadcast via each of the NAVTEX stations on 518 kHz. The extended outlook aims to signpost expected hazards during a three-day outlook period beyond the period of the 24-hour forecast.

Three-day forecasts, primarily for the benefit of the fishing fleet, are made on 2226 kHz from 1 October until 31 March.

The Met. office, in association with MCA, has the responsibility, within the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) regulations, for the provision of a stormwarning service and forecasts, for the High Seas areas in Metarea I. A High Sea bulletin ussued by the Met. Office is broadcast via the GMDSS Inmarsat EGC Safety Net service twice a day at 0930 and 2130 UTC. The bulletin is in three parts: Storm warnings, general synopsis and forecasts for the sea areas. Storm warnings are also broadcast at other times, when necessary. In the Atlantic Bulletin for Shipping for ocean areas, storm warnings are only issued if the wind force is expected to reach 10 or over.

 

NAVTEX – navigational telex – навигационный телекс

International Automated Direct-Printing Service – международная служба автоматического буквопечатания

broadcast – радиовещать, радиовещание.

relevant – уместный, относящийся к делу

synopsis – синоптическая обстановка (сообщения об атмосферных процессах: циклонах, антициклонах, воздушных массах, атмосферных фронтах и прогнозах погоды).

outlook – перспектива

hazard – риск, опасность

to signpost – указать

MCA – Maritime and Coastguard Agency – an executive agency of the Department for Transport.

Задание 2. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. What is NAVTEX?

2. What is the function of NAVTEX?

3. What is the advantage of NAVTEX service?

4. What weather messages can you receive via NAVTEX?

Enumerate them.

Задание 3. Переведите метеосводки на русский язык.

STORM WARNING

TROPICAL STORM 'IVAN': AT 231500 UTC IVAN LOCATED 29.3 NORTH 39.6 WEST EXPECTED 34.2 NORTH 40.9 WEST BY 241200 PASSING VERY CLOSE TO SOUTHWEST CORNER OF WEST SOUTHERN AREA. STORM 10 WINDS WILL OCCUR CLOSE TO THE CENTRE

HIGH 37 NORTH 27 WEST 1028 EXPECTED TO MOVE SLOWLY SOUTHWEST WITH LITTLE CHANGE

AREA FORECASTS FOR NEXT 24 HOURS

SOLE: IN EAST, SOUTHEASTERLY 3 OR 4 INCREASING 5, OCCASIONALLY 6. THUNDERY SHOWERS. MODERATE OR GOOD. IN WEST, SOUTHEASTERLY 3 BECOMING CYCLONIC 4 OR 5. THUNDERY SHOWERS. MODERATE OR GOOD

BAILEY: SOUTHEASTERLY BACKING EAST 3 OR 4, OCCASIONALLY 5. FAIR. MODERATE WITH FOG PATCHES

BACKING SOUTHERLY 8, THEN VEERING WESTERLY 5 TO 7 IN WEST AFTER 12UTC. ROUGH THEN VERY ROUGH LATER IN WEST, WEST SWELL 3 OR 4 M. RAIN OR DRIZZLE THEN SHOWERS OR SQUALLS. MODERATE OR POOR VIS IN RAIN.

EAST NORTHERN SECTION: EAST OR SOUTHEAST BACKING NORTHEAST, BUT BECOMING CYCLONIC IN SOUTHWEST CORNER FOR A TIME, 4 OR 5 OCCASIONALLY 6. OCCASIONAL RAIN. MODERATE WITH FOG PATCHES

 

WEST NORTHERN SECTION: NORTHERLY VEERING EASTERLY OR NORTHEASTERLY, 6 TO GALE 8 DECREASING 5 OCCASIONALLY 6, BUT CYCLONIC 4 OR 5 IN SOUTHEAST AT FIRST. RAIN OR SHOWERS. MODERATE OR GOOD

 

(2 курс Рз, Рзс (I семестр))

BAPИAHT 2

 

3адание.1. Сделайте письменный перевод текста.

TROPICAL REVOLVING STORMS

Tropical revolving storms (TRS) are a special type of violent windstorm - the most destructive type of storm. They form in the tropics around areas of low pressure, and when they have reached full strength, they have wind speeds of 100 knots or more. They have great masses of clouds that spiral into the low-pressure center. They bring very heavy rain. They are not as violent as a tornado or waterspout, but they cover huge areas of the sea with their high winds and rains and last for days. The winds of a TRS often cover a circular area more than 500 miles in diameter.

Tropical revolving storms are known by several names, including:

Typhoon or cyclone, in Asia

Tropical cyclone or baguio, in the Philippines

Willy-willy or williwaw, in Australia

Hurricane, in North America

Tropical revolving storms form in a region just north of the equator (from 5°N to 30°N) or just south of the equator (from 5°S to 30°S), when the ocean is warmer than usual. The water needs to be 80°F/26.7°C. (In 1995 the sea-surface temperature in this area of the North Atlantic was 82.4°F/28°C. There were 19 hurricanes and tropical storms that year.) The TRS season for each hemisphere is late summer to early fall, because that is when the sea is the warmest. There are four conditions needed to produce a hurricane:

Diverging winds in the high troposphere, creating an area of low pressure

Hot, humid air in the lower layers of the atmosphere

Warm sea-surface temperature

Correct latitude to produce cyclical winds

Hurricanes that form in the North Atlantic usually travel southwest, then west, and then northwest. If they reach the latitudes of westerly winds, they turn northward. The average speed for an Atlantic hurricane is about 12 mph. This speed increases when the hurricane turns and moves northward. The average life of a hurricane is nine days. During that lifetime, it travels about 2,600 miles.

The first sign of a hurricane is the storm swell. These are giant waves that travel at 30 mph or more. They can be seen 400 to 500 miles ahead of the hurricane. The swell waves have a lower frequency, or beat, than regular waves. There are approximately four swells per minute. (There are usually seven to eight regular waves per minute.) The barometric pressure also falls as a hurricane comes closer. It reaches its lowest point in the eye of the hurricane, where it is about 25 inches/635 mm/846 mb.

 

funnel cloud – трубообразное облако

funnel tip – нижний край трубообразного облака

to suck – всасывать

partial vacuum – частичный вакуум

destructive – разрушительный

diverging winds – ветры, расходящиеся по разным направлениям (из общей зоны или центра)

cyclical winds - циклические ветры

frequency – повторяемость

beat (зд.) – ритм

eye of hurricane – центр урагана («глаз» урагана)

 

Задание 2. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. When are TRS especially destructive?

2. What are the names of TRS in different locations?

3. What is the first sign of a hurricane?

4. How does the pressure change when hurricane comes closer?

 

Задание 3. Переведите метеосводки на русский язык.

WEST CENTRAL SECTION: IN WEST, WESTERLY, BACKING SOUTH OR SOUTHEAST, 4 OR 5 INCREASING 6 LATER. SHOWERS BECOMING RAIN. GOOD BECOMING MODERATE OR POOR. IN EAST, WESTERLY VEERING NORTHWESTERLY 4 OR 5, OCCASIONALLY 6,DECREASING 3 OR 4. SHOWERS, THEN RAIN IN SOUTH. GOOD BECOMING MODERATE OR POOR

NORWEGIAN SEA AND DENMARK STRAIT WEST OF 10 WEST AND SOUTH OF 68 NORTH, NORTHEASTERLY 6 TO GALE 8 DECREASING 4 OR 5. RAIN IN SOUTH. MODERATE OR GOOD OCCASIONALLY POOR.

EAST OF 10 WEST AND SOUTH OF 68 NORTH, NORTH OR NORTHEASTERLY 4 OR 5, OCCASIONALLY 6. OCCASIONAL RAIN IN SOUTH, SHOWERS IN THE NORTHEAST. MODERATE OR GOOD

WEST BRITTANY, NORTH BISCAY: VARIABLE OR NORTHERLY, 2 TO 4, BECOMING LATER NORTHWESTERLY 4 TO 6 IN WEST BRITTANY, NORTH BISCAY AND SOUTH BISCAY, WHILE BECOMING EASTERLY 4 TO 6 IN GALICIA. MODERATE. THUNDERY SHOWERS, RAIN AT TIMES. MODERATE OR POOR VIS WITH FOG PATCHES.

 

WEST PORTUGAL:

MAINLY SOUTHERLY 2 TO 4 INCREASING LATER SOUTHERLY 4 TO 6, THREAT OF 7. BECOMING MODERATE OR ROUGH, WEST SWELL 3 M INCREASING 4 OR 5 M LATER. THUNDERSQUALLS WITH SEVERE GUSTS. MAINLY GOOD VIS BECOMING MODERATE OR POOR WITH FOG PATCHES.

BACKING SOUTHERLY 8, THEN VEERING WESTERLY 5 TO 7 IN WEST AFTER 12UTC. ROUGH THEN VERY ROUGH LATER IN WEST, WEST SWELL 3 OR 4 M. RAIN OR DRIZZLE THEN SHOWERS OR SQUALLS. MODERATE OR POOR VIS IN RAIN.