2020-04-20
382
сommercial промышленный, торговый, коммерческий
industry промышленность
combination соединение, сочетание
manufacture изготовление, производство
agitate перемешивать, взбалтывать
dairy products молочные продукты
fluid milk питьевое молоко
raw milk сырое молоко
whole milk цельное молоко
skim milk обезжиренное молоко
condensed milk сгущенное молоко
evaporated milk концентрированное молоко
dried (powdered) milk сухое молоко
cream сливки
ice cream мороженое
curd творог
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fermented dairy products кисломолочные продукты
intake прием
clarification очистка
clarifier очиститель
freeze (froze, frozen) замораживать
to churn сбивать (масло)
hydrogenated fat гидрогенизированный жир
Задания
Задание 1.Прочитайте и переведите текст:
Types of dairy products
Fluid milk for commercial distribution is usually pasteurized, that is subjected to a temperature of 61.7 °C for at least 30 min or 71.7 °C for 15 sec, and then cooled and bottled. The importance of safety and cleanliness is stressed in the dairy industry. Milk may also be condensed or evaporated, dried, powdered, or separated into skim milk and cream.
Butter is churned from cream. Margarines are similar to butter but made of hydrogenated fats, usually vegetable in origin, with added butter-type flavours and colouring.
Ice cream is the frozen product made from a combination of milk products (cream, butter, or milk – either whole or evaporated, condensed, skimmed, or dried) and two or more of the following ingredients: eggs, water, and sugar, with flavouring and colouring matter. In the manufacture of ice cream, freezing is accompanied by agitation of the ingredients to avoid crystallization and to incorporate air for proper texture.
Cheese is the product made from curd obtained from the whole, partly skimmed, or skimmed milk of cows or other animals, with or without added cream.
Many fermented products are produced from milk. These fermentations require the use of bacteria that ferment lactose or milk sugar.
Задание 2. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:
1. Is fluid milk usually pasteurized?
2. What is butter churned from?
3. What is the ice-cream?
4. What is cheese made from?
5. How many products are produced from milk?
Задание 3. Переведите следующие словосочетания:
a) commercial distribution, stainless steel, plastic pipelines, flexible plastic pipelines;
b) added flavours, frozen product, processing plant, flavouring and colouring matter, receiving station;
c) milk sugar, truck driver, farm tank, stainless steel pipelines, skim milk fraction, discharge pipe, fat content, butter-type flavor.
Задание 4. Выберите правильный перевод следующих предложений. Обратите внимание на функцию инфинитива:
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1. Milk is pasteurized to kill bacteria.
1.1 Пастеризованное молоко не содержит бактерий.
1.2 Молоко пастеризуют для того, чтобы уничтожить бактерии.
2. То make butter cream is churned.
2.1 Для того чтобы получить масло, сбивают сливки.
2.2 Процесс получения масла из сливок называется сбиванием.
Задание 5. Определите, о каком продукте идет речь:
1. A product made from curd with or without added cream 1.Сливочное масло.
2. A dairy product which is churned from cream. 2. Мороженое.
3. A frozen product made from a combination of milk 3. Сыр.
products, eggs, water and sugar with flavouring and
colouring matter.
4. A product similar to butter but made of hydrogenated 4. Кисломолочныe
fats with added butter-type flavourings and colouring. продукты.
5. Milk products fermented by bacteria. 5. Маргарин.
Задание 6. Переведите следующее предложение:
In the manufacture of ice cream, freezing is accompanied by agitation of the ingredients to avoid crystallization and to incorporate air.
Вопросы к практическому занятию
1. Сколько продуктов производится из молока?
2. С какой целью пастеризуют молоко?
3. Что необходимо для получения кисломолочных продуктов?
Практическое занятие 10
ОБРАБОТКА МОЛОКА
PROCESSING OF MILK
Теоретическая часть
Данный лексический материал предназначен для того, чтобы студенты смогли составить высказывание о промышленных способах обработки молока.
tank truck автоцистерна
cream screw шнек-дозатор для сливок
raw сырой
pump насос
stainless нержавеющий
delivery поставка, доставка
sample образец
flexible гибкий
pipelines трубопроводы
similar похожий
clarifier осветлитель
fraction частица, фракция
discharge разряжать, сброс
screw винт, закручивать
Задания
Задание 1. Прочитайте и переведите текст:
Processing of milk
Most raw milk collected at farms is pumped from stainless steel tanks into tank trucks for delivery to processing plants.
Collection and intake.
The truck drivers are required to check flavour, temperature, and volume of milk in the farm tank and to collect a sample of raw milk for analysis before pumping the milk into the truck. At the receiving station of the processing plant the milk in the farm truck is weighed and pumped into the plant through flexible plastic and stainless steel pipelines.
Separation and clarification.
The actual processing of raw milk begins with either separation or clarification. These machines are essentially similar except that in the clarifier the cream and skim milk fractions are not separated.
Separators have two discharge pipes, one for cream and one for skim milk. Clarifiers have only one pipe for whole milk. Separators have a device called cream screw by which the fat content in the cream is regulated. This screw allows more or less cream to pass out through the discharge pipe.
Задание 2. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:
1. What is milk usually done before pumping it into the tank truck?
2. What is the difference between separation and milk clarification?
3. When does the processing of raw milk begin?
4. How many pipes do separators have?
5. What does the screw allow?
Задание 3. Найдите в тексте эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний:
для доставки на перерабатывающее предприятие; брать образец сырого молока на анализ; сепарация и очистка; порции сливок и обезжиренного молока; две отводные трубы; содержание жира в сливках; большее или меньшее количество сливок.
Задание 4. Заполните пропуски словами из данного ниже списка:
