Экзаменационный билет № 4

Экзаменационный билет № 1

 

1. Составьте рассказ по теме «Деловое общение при встрече».

2. Прочитайте и передайте содержание текста. Advertisement as a service

Although the average citizen is usually annoyed by all the advertisements printed in newspapers and magazines and the commercials broadcast on

TV, the impact of the whole advertising industry on a single person is immense and plays a very important role in our lives. Advertising absorbs vast sums of money but it is useful to the community. What are the functions of advertisements? The first one to mention is to inform. A lot of the information people have about household devices, cars, building materials, electronic equipment, cosmetics, detergents and food is largely derived from the advertisements they read. Advertisements introduce them to new products or remind them of the existing ones. The second function is to sell. The products are shown from the best point of view and the potential buyer, on having entered the store, unconsciously chooses the advertised products. One buys this washing powder or this chewing gum, because the colorful TV commercials convince him of the best qualities of the product. Even cigarettes or sweets or alcohol are associated with the good values of human life such as joy, freedom, love and happiness, and just those associations make a person choose the advertised products. The aim of a good advertisement is to create a consumer demand to buy the advertised product or service. Children are good example as they usually want the particular kind of chocolate or toy or chewing-gum. Being naive they cannot evaluate objectively what is truthful and what is exaggerated and select the really good products unless they buy the goods and check for themselves. Thirdly, since the majority of advertisements are printed in our press we pay less for newspapers and magazines, also TV in most countries in cheap. The public advertising seen on street hoardings, railway stations and buildings makes people's life more joyful.

 

3. Составьте диалог по ситуации «Бронирование номера в отеле».

 

Экзаменационный билет № 2

 

1. Составьте рассказ по теме «Телефонные переговоры».

2. Прочитайте и передайте содержание текста.

Brands

What is a brand? In my opinion, it's not only a trademark of some company, but the name of certain product we use every day. For example, speaking about coffee most of us say Nescafe, but not 'coffee'. This short example also illustrates the main aim of producers - to create brand popularity, so that most of people would recognize the product among the competitors products. Advertising campaigns are launched to enhance brand awareness, that's why sometimes brand costs more than the whole company, for example one day of advertising at Yandex website (what is called by Yandex sales managers as 'increasing brand popularity') costs $20000. Recognition of a brand or, how it's called, brand awareness helps people to find the necessary size, quantity, taste, especially, when they are in another country and don't know the local products' specifications. What qualities should brand name possess? First of all, it should be eye-catching. NameLab, company, which creates brand names, gives an example of 7-Up Company, which lost $120 millions using name 'Lyke Cola' as a brand name first time after launching its product. Lexicon Company was more original, creating brand name 'Pentium' for the Intel Processor: "We've got '-ium' from the scientific text - founder of Lexicon says, - and multiplied it with 'pent'. It sounded very strong, like a real chemical element." Name Sony is based on 'son', which means sound in most of the countries. As all brand names are registered and protected by law, no one else can produce the same product under such brand name. It's a very hard to create a new brand name, as more than 365000 brands were registered in October, 2000 by American Patent Organization, whereas Oxford dictionary consists of 615100 words, so some companies use brand stretching - using a leader-brand to launch a new product in a new category, e.g. 'Bochkarev' chips. Brands always add value to products. That's why branded products seem to be more expensive among other ones. But if we pay more, we pay for better quality. All in all, brands are one of the moving forces of globalization.

 

3. Составьте диалог по ситуации «Покупка билета».

 

Экзаменационный билет № 3

 

1. Составьте рассказ по теме «Деловая поездка».

2. Прочитайте и передайте содержание текста.

Globalization

First of all, I'd like to mention some global companies: Microsoft, Coca-Cola, Marlboro, IBM, McDonald's and Intel, the full list of which we can find in the Forbes magazine. Such big companies, as Nestle or Pepsi have lots of subsidiaries all over the world, and such company as Microsoft - only local support centers, but the "brain center" is in Redmond, but all of them try to enter new markets using local partners and resellers. As for good and bad points of global companies, I can mention that all companies that I know try to increase the quality of their products, as they want to be the leaders in competition. Moreover, every company is always willing to hear the customer's opinion about its products, to receive some suggestions, how to improve the product. Some people can say that they've opened new world thanks to globalization and, particularly, watching "soap operas". What's more, global companies try to adopt their products to the traditional way if using them. On the other hand, globalization hurts the local government's ability to deal with wages and taxes. Another bad point is that local factories, which are disappearing every day, use more clean methods of production, as it's not necessary to transfer production on long distances, for example.

The positive side of globalization is that qualified workers can migrate to other countries and get a well-paid job. At the same time, Russia doesn't want to be out of the border of the world processes. Some problems of globalization, for example, Russian producers are not ready to rival fight. The will of many foreign companies to weaken our economy in order to put local producers away from the rival market was also mentioned. We should save our local culture when entering the global economy, and I fully agree with this.

 

3. Составьте диалог по ситуации «Встреча в аэропорту. Знакомство».

 

Экзаменационный билет № 4

 

1. Составьте рассказ по теме «Прием на работу».

2. Прочитайте и передайте содержание текста.

What is Economics?

It is difficult to give a full and accurate definition of economics, but it is possible to indicate what problems economists are interested in. They are factors that affect prices of goods and services and also resources necessary to produce them. Economists are also interested in sellers' and buyers' behaviour in the market, in the relationship between "price system" and "market mechanism". Now economics is more complex. There are three main approaches to economics: microeconomics, macroeconomics, and development economics. There are also several specialized areas of study. Among them are money economics, international economics, labour economics, industrial economics, agricultural economics, growth economic, mathematical economics, etc. Like many other sciences, economics uses models to understand economic problems. A model often helps an economist to make correct predictions. The economist usually follows several rules when he makes a model of economic behaviour. First, real life is complex and it is not possible for an economist to include all the details in a model. So, a model is an abstraction from real life. A model usually includes only essential elements and relationships of a particular economic situation. Second, if an economist has two different models of one phenomenon, he always chooses the model that predicts the results of a particular phenomenon more accurately. Third, although models are helpful in economic analysis, an economist always studies the actual economic situation before he makes decisions. It is not enough to make models, it is also necessary to collect and study actual data in order to know how accurate a model is.

 

3. Составьте диалог по ситуации «Телефонные переговоры».