Some useful advice to a speaker

PRSENTING A REPORT

UNIT 1

1. Read and discuss the text:

What is a presentation

A presentation is a formal talk to one or more people that "presents" ideas or information in a clear, structured way.

Presentation is the practice of showing and explaining the content of a topic to an audience or learner. Presentation is also the means of communication which can be adapted to various speaking situation, such as talking to a group, addressing a meeting or briefing a team.

Types of presentation There are five types of presentation:

1. Informative: Keep an informative presentation brief and to the point. Stick to the facts and avoid complicated information.

2. Instructional: Your purpose in an instructional presentation is to give specific directions or orders. Your presentation will probably be a bit longer, because it has to cover your topic thoroughly.

3. Arousing: Your purpose in an arousing presentation is to make people think about a certain problem or situation.

4. Decision-making: Your purpose in a decision-making presentation is to move your audience to take your suggested action. A decision-making presentation presents ideas, suggestions, and arguments strongly enough to persuade an audience to carry out your requests.

5. Persuasive: Your purpose in a persuasive presentation is to convince your listeners to accept your proposal.

People are sometimes afraid of speaking in public, but if you follow a few simple rules, giving a presentation is actually very easy.

2. Answer the questions. Give as full answers as possible:

1. What is a presentation?

2. What is the purpose of a presentation?

3. How many types of presentations are mentioned in the text?

4. How do all these types differ?

5. What type of presentation is used more often?

6. What does the type of presentation depend on?

7. Who makes presentations?

8. What type of presentation will you use in your future professional activity?

3. Read and discuss the text:

How to make an effective presentation

Factors that affect effective presentation:

ü The Voice: The voice is probably the most valuable tool of the presenter. It carries most of the content that the audience takes away. One of the oddities of speech is that we can easily tell others what is wrong with their voice, e.g. too fast, too high, too soft, etc.

ü Volume: How loud the sound is. The goal is to be heard without shouting.

ü Tone: The characteristics of a sound.. A voice that carries fear can frighten the audience while a voice that carries laughter can get the audience to smile.

ü The Body: Your body communicates different impressions to the audience. People not only listen to you, they also watch you.

ü Postures: Slouching tells them you are indifferent or you do not care... even though you might care a great deal! On the other hand, displaying good posture tells your audience that you know what you are doing and you care deeply about it. Eye contact: Speakers who make eye open the flow of communication and convey interest, concern, warmth, and credibility.

ü Facial Expression: Smiling is a powerful cue that transmits happiness, friendliness, warmth, and liking.

ü Gestures: If you fail to gesture while speaking, you may be perceived as boring and stiff.

ü Effective power point presentation

But the first step of a great presentations is preplanning i.e. acquiring a room, informing participants, etc. The second step is before preparing the presentation, ask yourself the following: What is the purpose of the presentation? Who will be attending? What does the audience already know about the subject? What is the audiences attitude towards me (e.g. hostile, friendly)?

Third, step is to prepare the presentation. A good presentation starts out with introductions and may include an icebreaker such as a story, interesting statement or fact. It should have a logical beginning, middle, and end. Fourthly there are several options for structuring the presentation:

ü Timeline: Arranged in sequential order.

ü Climax: The main points are delivered in order of increasing importance.

ü Method: How should you give your presentation? Which approach should you use? Formal or informal?

Should you include visual aids, and if so, how many? Will anecdotes and humour play a part in your presentation?

Speak about the importance of each point. How to make them help to perfect your presentation?

Read the text. Note what pieces of advice are given to beginner.

Some useful advice to a speaker

Before you begin writing your paper think about two things: your purpose and your audience.
Regardless of your topic you should take into consideration the audience’s background and the range of their knowledge in this particular field.
Don’t try to cover too wide a field in your talk: one main idea consistently and methodically developed will ensure the understanding and appreciation of the audience. Arrange your arguments so as to support this main idea.
There are two ways of delivering your speech: talking or reading. If you decided on the first way, a previously prepared outline or notes on the cards will be good guides during your presentation. They will help you to keep the order of points and not forget something important.

You may also write down your speech word for word

but don’t try to learn it by heart. Instead, practice

delivering the information the speech contains in parts.

After that, go over the entire speech until you can

speak freely.

6. Study some additional tips. Paraphrase them using the verbs should, ought to, are to, shouldn’t, oughtn’t to:

Model: Print in advance and distribute as a handout complicated information requiring a concentrated and careful study.

You should print in advance and distribute as a handout complicated information requiring a concentrated and careful study.

Add explanations if the audience seems to be puzzled. Leave out some information if the audience proves to be better grounded than you expected.
Make up a brief outline of the content and order of the points to be presented.
Leave time for references to visuals you may decide to use.
Number the visuals and include the numbers in your outline.
If you are going to use visuals, let them do a trial run.
When demonstrating a slide don’t lose eye contact with the audience. To maintain it, stand to the side of the illustration and use a pointer.

7. Use slides only if they help you to make your ideas

clearer.

8. Don’t demonstrate them for the sake (ради) of demonstration.