2020-09-24
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1. Bones of the skull form the oral cavity.
2.The vestibule of the mouth is a slit-like space bounded internally by the lips and cheeks.
3. The lower jaw (maxilla) is a paired bone.
4. The hard palate separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity.
5. The soft palate is situated to the inferior of the hard palate.
6. The fauces connects the oral cavity with the pharynx.
7. The upper jaw (the mandible) is movable and attached to the skull by muscles.
8. The roots are held in place in sockets by alveolar process.
Exercise IX. Read the definitions and fill in the blanks with the words given below.
(Oral cavity, uvula, mandible, hard palate, vestibule, tongue, fauces, soft palate)
1.... is a thin horizontal bony plate located in the roof of the mouth.
2.... is the large bundle of skeletal muscles on the floor of the mouth that manipulates food for chewing and swallowing.
3.... is the first portion of the alimentary canal that receives food.
4.... is a narrow cleft between the lips and cheeks, and the teeth and gums, and the oral cavity proper.
5.... is the soft tissue constituting the back of the mouth roof.
6.... is the conic projection from the posterior edge of the middle of the soft palate.
7.... is the lower jaw that holds the lower teeth in place.
8.... is the posterior part of the mouth, which leads into the pharynx.
Exercise X. Link each Verb on the left with a Noun on the right to make 8 'partnerships'. The first one has been done for you as an example.
| Verbs | Nouns |
administer
arrange
 catch
reveal
discontinue
relieve
resist
prescribe
| antibodies antibiotics the treatment some infections an appointment the pain a drug a cold |
Exercise XI. Complete these sentences using the partnerships from Exercise X. You may have to make some changes to fit the grammar of the sentences. The first one has been done for you as an example.
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1. As the severe side-effects appeared, the doctor discontinued the treatment.
2. As she was made a diagnosis of pneumonia, she was ____________________.
3. The doctor __________________to the patient.
4. I've ____________________ from one of my colleagues at work.
5. The laboratory assistant ________________ to hepatitis C in the patient’s blood.
6. A healthy body can ____________________.
7. I would like to ____________________ with the dentist for 10.00 am tomorrow.
8. She was given an injection to ____________________ in her leg.
Exercise XII. Read and translate paying attention to the use of Indefinite (Simple) and Continuous Tenses:
1. Dental students attend lectures on the structure of the oral cavity with great interest.
2. The physician is examining the patient at the moment.
3. The students watched how surgeons were operating on the mandible.
4. The radiologist is taking an X-ray of the right lower tooth.
5. The oral cavity consists of maxilla and mandible.
6. He spent a lot of time at the library these days, as he was writing a medical article.
7. The doctor will be treating this patient tomorrow during approximately an hour.
8. The patient will make an appointment with a dentist for the next week.
Exercise XIII. Open the brackets using Indefinite (Simple) or Continuous Tense and translate the sentences:
1. I (to study)... anatomy of the oral cavity yesterday at 3 p.m.
2. In two weeks we (to write)... a test in Anatomy.
3. He (not to understand)... the teacher at the last lesson.
4. - What... she (to write)... now? - She (to work)... at her report on the structure of the human body.
5. He (to go)... to the university when I met him in the street.
6. My friend (to spend)... last week in a hospital. He (to be)... ill.
7. When I (to enter)... the ward, I (to see)... that he (to take)... the temperature.
8. I (to learn)... the structure of the oral cavity now, because I (to want)... a good mark tomorrow.
Exercise XIV. Put questions to the underlined parts of the sentence:
1. The mucous membrane on the alveolar processes closely adheres to the periosteum.
2. The upper jaw is attached to the skull by muscles.
3. The first book devoted entirely to dentistry appeared only in the 16th century.
4. Three principal pairs of glands are recognized.
5. An interesting experiment will be carried out on Monday.
6. The dentist has already finished to examine the patient’s oral cavity.
7. The world's most ancient civilizations left a lot of documents with rules in oral hygiene.
8. The patient may feel immediate relief after taking this remedy.
| THE ORAL CAVITY |
PART II
Exercise I. Topic vocabulary:
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| alveolar arch n. | [alvɪˈəʊlə ɑːtʃ] | альвеолярна дуга |
| masticate v. | [ˈmastɪkeɪt] | жувати |
| crown n. | [kraʊn] | коронка |
| root n. | [ruːt] | корінь |
| anchor v. | [ˈaŋkə] | закріплювати |
| alveolus [alveoli] n. | [alˈvɪələs][ alˈvɪəl ʌɪ] | зубна альвеола |
| gum \gingiva [gingivae] n. | [gʌm] [dʒınʹdʒaıvə] \ [i] | ясна |
| imbed v. | [im’bed] | впроваджувати |
| saliva n. | [səˈlʌɪvə] | слина |
| mucosa n. | [mjuːˈkəʊsə] | слизова оболонка |
| periosteum n. | [ˌpɛrɪˈɒstɪəm] | надкісниця |
| pulp n. | [pʌlp ] | пульпа |
| dentin n. | [‘dentin] | дентин зуба |
| enamel n. | [ɪˈnæm(ə)l] | емаль |
| mucus n. | [ˈmjuːkəs] | слиз |
Exercise II. Give Ukrainian equivalents of the following word-combinations:
An alveolar arch; base of the tongue; palatine tonsil; secretion; to be imbedded; saliva; to be lined with the mucous membrane; to masticate food into tiny pieces; to adhere closely; soft palate; conical part; the crown and root; a gum line; to anchor the tooth into a bony socket; the pulp, dentin, and enamel; sublingual, submaxillaries and parotids; mucous membrane or mucosa; labial, buccal, palatine and lingual glands.
Exercise III. In Column A of this table there are 10 nouns relating to medicine. For each of the nouns decide whether the correct plural form is in Column B or Column C and then circle it.
The first question has been done for you as an example.
| Column A (singular) | Column B (plural) | Column C (plural) |
| bacterium | bacteria | bacteriums |
| nucleus | nucleua | nuclei |
| alveolus | alveoli | alveolei |
| ramus | ramuses | rami |
| gingiva | gingivae | gingivas |
| tooth | tooths | teeth |
| fungus | fungi | funguses |
| diagnosis | diagnosises | diagnoses |
| atrium | atriums | atria |
| vertebra | vertebrae | vertebras |
| maxilla | maxillae | maxillas |
Exercise IV. Read and translate the text:
