The New time philosophy

Renaissance awakened sense of the dignity of every human being (Humanism), opened the real vision of reality (Natural philosophy), inspired optimism (Enlightenment) among European nations.

In Europe, it was shaken (поколебались) the thrones of absolute monarchies. Nobility (feudal lords) finally pushed to the marginal position of social and political life.

The Middle Ages finally retreated (отошли) into the past. The period of New time began to come.

New time was a time of rapid development of science and based on it – applied knowledge

Time of the introduction of fundamentally new technologies of goods production and un’precedented (беспрецендентный) growth in labor productivity

New time has come first in the spiritual area, and only then in real life. Beginning of modern philosophy put by English philosopher Francis Bacon (1561-1626), Baron Verulamo.

“Greater recovery of Science”: “The New Organon”; “New Atlantis”, “The thoughts and observations” etc.

He spoke an expression: “The truth is the daughter of her time!”

He spoke an expression: “The truth is the daughter of her time!”

Four factors hinder (мешать) the ve’ridical (истинный) cognition of nature, which he calls idols, or ‘phantoms:

“ Idols of the Tribe ”, which are common to the race;

“ Idols of the Den ”, which are peculiar to the individual;

“ Idols of the Marketplace ”, coming from the misuse (неправильное потребление) of language;

“ Idols of the Theatre ”, which result from an a’buse of authority.

From research and scientific knowledge Bacon excludes the supernatural substances (God, miracles (чудеса), other world)

Religion and science can be likened to two geometric planes that never intersect (пересекаться) with each other.

Francis Bacon is the founder of scientific materialism and a supporter of empirical research. He also attached great importance to rationality in experimental data.

Empirics are ants: the leaves in one pile (куча)

Rationalists are spiders: the web from spider.

Real scientists are bees: collect nectar from different flowers, manufacture, and thus offer a high quality honey.

Deductive thinking can not enrich us with new knowledge in the new conditions. To do this we need inductive thinking.

In the book " New Atlantis " Bacon described the ideal society, in which people could live happily under guidance of wise men: “House of Solomon”.

Thomas Hobbes (1588 - 1679)

Among all the sciences Hobbes singled geometry.

Unlike Bacon, Hobbes believes that the universal method can only be rational thinking: Logic.

Matter is the highest and the only “substance”, which is reflected in human consciousness.

Hobbes argues that a man is evil creature by his nature. Thus people feud (враждуют) each other.

“Homo homini lupus est”