Lesson 3

Part 1

Ways of the Translation of Passive Voice

There are a few ways of the translation of the passive voice. They are the following:

1. passive voice can be translated by passive voice itself, e.g.: These data are presented in Fig. 2. - Эти данные представлены на рисунке 2.

2. Passive voice can be translated into Russian by the verbs with endings -ся, -сь.

E.g.: Solubility of hydroxides is characterized by solubility constant. - Растворимость гидроксидов характеризуется константой растворимости. The beauty of this method was recognized by many scientists. - Преимущество этого метода признавалось многими учеными.

3. Passive voice can be translated as a verb in active voice, e.g.: The properties of iron were taken into account in the measurement of its relative density - Свойства железа учли при измерении его относительной плотности.

4. Passive voice of compound verbal complexes that include modal verbs is translated as infinitive, e.g.: Tin can be reduced under high pressure. - Олово можно восстановить при высоком давлении. These conditions should be maintained. - Необходимо поддерживать эти условия.

Translation of the construction: under + noun

There are some constructions in English like “under +noun”. In scientific literature the preposition “under” in this constructions is translated as “при”: under pressure - при давлении, under temperature - при температуре, but there are cases where it can be translated in a different way. They can be translated as a participle. In English they are often placed after a noun but in translation into Russian they are placed before the noun. E.g.: The properties under examination are very important - Рассматриваемые свойства очень важны.

Here are some examples of these constructions:

under consideration - рассматриваемый

under examination - рассматриваемый

under review - рассматриваемый

under investigation - исследуемый

under study - исследуемый, изучаемый

under observation - наблюдаемый

under test - испытуемый, испытываемый

under way - осуществляемый в данное время.

Vocabulary

vinylacetylene - винилацетилен

rate of reaction - скорость реакции