Past Perfect

Past Perfect образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to have в Past Simple и причастия II (Participle II) смыслового глагола.

Утвердительная форма	Отрицательная форма	Вопросительная форма
I You He She had written It We They	I You He had not (hadn’t) She written It We They	I you he Had she written? it we they

Past Perfect употребляется для выражения:

1. Действия, которое произошло ранее другого действия в прошлом, выраженного формой Past Simple.

She loved me for the dangers I had passed.

When I telephoned Sue, she had gone out.

2. Действия, которое закончилось к определённому моменту в прошлом.

They had finished the experiment by Saturday.

3. Действия, предшествующего другому действию в прошлом в сложносочинённых предложениях с союзами hardly … when; scarcely … when; no sooner … than (едва … как; не успел (и) … как).

He had hardly entered the room when he heard some noise.

No sooner had the bell gone than the teacher entered the classroom.

Exercise 78. Choose the correct answer (Past Perfect или Past Simple).

1. I (wake up) and got out of bed.

A woke up B had woken up

2. I got out of bed an hour later I (wake up).

A woke up B had woken up

3. We were late. The meeting (start) an hour before.

A started B had started

4. She was the most delightful person I (ever/ meet).

A ever met B had ever met

5. That morning she (dress), (phone) somebody, and went out.

A dressed A phoned

B had dressed B had phoned

6. That morning she went out after she (phone) somebody.

A phoned B had phoned

7. He was tired because he (work) hard in the garden all day.

A worked B had worked

8. The sun (set), it (get) dark, and we went home.

A set, got B had set, got

9. The Hills were in a hurry, but they (take) a taxi and managed to arrive exactly on time.

А took B had taken

10. The Hills managed to arrive exactly on time because they (take) a taxi.

A took B had taken

11. He said he (break) the lamp.

A broke B had broken

12. We asked Peter to come with us, but he refused. He (already/ promise) to play

football with his friends.

A already promised B had already promise

13. I saw a nice kitten when I (open) the basket.

A opened B had opened

14. After I (write) all my letters, I went to the kitchen to make coffee.

A wrote B had written

15. She (hardly/ finish) speaking over the phone when the telephone rang again.

A hardly finished B had hardly finished

16. Jane (wash) all the test-tubes after she (complete) the experiment.

A washed A complete

B had washed B had completed

17. She (do) the cleaning by 6 o’clock yesterday.

A had done B did

18. He (feel) sick because he (eat) too much.

A felt A ate

B had felt B had eaten

19. No sooner she (come) than she (fall) ill.

A had come A had fallen

B came B fell

20. When you (call) me, I (not do) the sum yet.

A called B did not

B had called B had not done

Exercise 79. Open the brackets using the Past Simple or the Past Perfect.

1. The teacher was a stranger to me. I never (see) her before. 2. The house was very quiet when I (get) home. 3. We felt happier when they (leave). 4. She gave him the book his teacher (recommend). 5. They (finish) the translation by six o’clock. 6. She got a message saying he (pass) the exam. 7. We (go) out to ask for a drink, but the pub (close). 8. At six o’clock he (know) they were not coming. 9. She (go on) with the story where her mother (stop). 10. Tom wasn’t at home when I (arrive). He just (leave) home. 11. Margaret was late for work. Her friend (be) surprised. She never (be) late before. 12. There was nobody in the sitting-room when I (get) home. Everybody (go) to bed. 13. I didn’t recognize her. She (change) a lot. 14. By the time we (arrive), the party (finish). 15. Before we (take) Paul to the theatre, he never (see) a play on the stage before. 16. After the stewardesses (serve) lunch to the passengers, they (calm) down. 17. I (not to have) my watch, so I (not to know) the exact time. 18. She (finish) her report, and was feeling rather tired, so she (go) to bed. 19. By two o’clock he (answer) all the letters he (receive). 20. The bus (leave) before I (reach) the bus station. 21. As soon as they (finish) breakfast, they (run) out to play. 23. Hardly we (go) to bed when somebody (knock) at the door.

Exercise 80. Open the brackets using the Present Perfect, the Past Perfect or t he Past Simple.

1. My mother asked who (break) her typewriter. Look! Somebody (break) my typewriter. 2. You ever (see) a flying saucer? 3. He looked at the girl and understood he (see) her somewhere before. 4. – I think John (miss) his 7.30 train. That’s why he isn’t here now. – Looks like him. He never (come) home in time. 5. When the three bears came home they saw that someone (eat) Baby Bear’s porridge. 6. John is hungry because he (have) nothing to eat since morning. 7. Mrs. Brown lives next door but she never (say) more than «good morning» to me. 8. They (buy) the apples in the market. 9. He just (see) his friend arrive. 10. It (stop) raining and the sun is shining. 11. She said they (walk) 3 miles. 12. They just (walk) in the park. 13. I wondered what he (do) since we last (meet). 14. There (be) no post all this week. 15. Nick hoped there (be) no post since Friday. 15. His wife (not/be) in. She (go) out a quarter of an hour before. 16. After dinner Mr. Grag proposed a game of cards. He (not/play) cards since his illness. 17. His smile (be) something she never (see) before. 18. He (come) into the room a moment after I (get) there. 19. When he returned at eleven o’clock the telegram (arrive). 20. When evening (fall) their son (leave) the house. 21. I hardly (be) there five minutes when Mrs. Brown (come) in with the coffee. 22. The evening (go) off easier than she (expect). 23. Just at the moment a boy and a girl (come) and (sit) down where the old couple (be) before. 24. He (be) a teacher at the University, as his father (be) before him.

Упражнение 81. Open the brackets using the Past Simple, the Past Continuous, the Past Perfect.

1. When … the ceremony (take place)? 2. She (lead) him to the cab that (wait) at the door. 3. He (stand up) quickly and (clasp) his hands which (tremble). 4. I (meet) him for the first time the day before yesterday. 5. He asked her where she (stay) because he (want) to see her again. 6. Hardly … we (take) our seats when he (come over). 7. Watson (know) that his friend always (smoke) pipe after pipe when he (think) over a difficult problem. 8. Our company (launch) the new product at the beginning of May. 9. I (have) supper when the bell rang. 10. When I (arrive) the lecture already (start). 11. Unfortunately when I arrived Ann just (leave), so we only had time for a few words. 12. When I (look) for my passport, I find this old photograph. 13. You looked very busy when I saw you last night. What you (do)? 14. He (not/be) there five minutes, when the storm begin. 15. He (not/allow) us to go out in the boat as a strong wind (blow). 16. When I (hear) his knock I (go) to the door and (open) it, but I (not/recognize) him at first because I (not/wear) my glasses. 17. I (see) you yesterday from the bus. Why you (use) a stick? – I (use) it because I hurt my leg that morning. 18. We (return) home at nightfall and we (be) very glad to get home again, but we (have) a wonderful day. 19. As they (walk) along the road they (hear) a car coming from behind them. Tom (turn) round and (hold) up his hand. The car (stop). 20. When I (arrive) at the station Mary (wait) for me. She (wear) a blue dress and (look) very pretty.