THE future Perfect tense

(THE FUTURE PERFECT SIMPLE)

FORMATION

The forms of the future perfect are analytical. They are built by means of the future indefinite of the auxiliary verb have (will have) and participle II of the notional verb.

Affirmative	Interrogative
I will (’ll) have spoken He, she, it will (’ll) have spoken We will (’ll) have spoken You will (’ll) have spoken They will (’ll) have spoken	Will I have spoken? Will he, she, it have spoken? Will we have spoken? Will you have spoken? Will they have spoken?
Negative	Negative-Interrogative
I will not have spoken He, she, it will not have spoken We will not have spoken You will not have spoken They will not have spoken	Won’t I have spoken? Won’t he, she, it have spoken? Won’t we have spoken? Won’t you have spoken? Won’t they have spoken?

THE USE OF THE FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

The Future Perfect is used to denote:

1. An action that is completed before a certain moment in the future:

I will have returned before you receive my letter.

2. An action that begins before a certain moment in the future and continues up to this moment or into it; it is used with the verbs that do not admit of the continuous form:

Next year she will have been a teacher for twenty years.

THE FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

(THE FUTURE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE)

FORMATION

The forms of the Future Continuous are analytical. They are built by means of the Future Perfect form of the auxiliary verb be (will have been) and participle I of the notional verb.

Affirmative	Interrogative
I’ll have been reading He, she, it’ll have been reading We’ll have been reading You’ll have been reading They’ll have been reading	Will I have been reading? Will he, she, it have been reading? Will we have been reading? Will you have been reading? Will they have been reading?
Negative	Negative-Interrogative
I’ll not (won’t) have been reading He, she, it’ll not (won’t) have been reading We’ll not (won’t) have been reading You’ll not (won’t) have been reading They’ll not (won’t) have been reading	Won’t I have been reading? Won’t he, she, it have been reading? Won’t we have been reading? Won’t you have been reading? Won’t they have been reading?

THE USE OF THE FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

The Future Perfect Continuous is rarely used. It denotes an action that begins before a certain moment in the future and continues up to that moment or into it:

Next March they will have been building this house for two years. –В марте будет уже два года, как мы строим этот дом.

FUTURE TENSES IN THE PAST

The future tenses in the past express actions which are future from the point of view of a past moment. They are mostly used to render reported speech. All the future in the past forms are analytical.

THE FUTURE INDEFINITE IN THE PAST

(THE FUTURE SIMPLE IN THE PAST)

FORMATION

The forms are built by means of the auxiliary verb would and the infinitive of the notional verb without the particle ‘ to’.

Affirmative	Interrogative
I’d (would) read He, she, it’d (would) read We’d (would) read You’d (would) read They’d (would) read	Would I read? Would he, she, it read? Would we read? Would you read? Would they read?
Negative	Negative-Interrogative
I would not (wouldn’t) read He, she, it would not (wouldn’t) read We would not (wouldn’t) read You would not (wouldn’t) read They would not (wouldn’t) read	Wouldn’t I read? Wouldn’t he, she, it read? Wouldn’t we read? Wouldn’t you read? Wouldn’t they read?