2015-06-28
3006
TEXT 5 “HERO OF ALEXANDRIA”
Задание 5.1
Просмотрите текст 5 и определите, в каких абзацах сообщается:
а) о пяти принципах, составляющих основу действия современных механизмов и машин;
б) об изобретениях великого древнего математика Герона.
About sixty years after the death of Archimedes, Hero of Alexandria was born. Nobody knows the exact date of his birth, but according to the best authorities, he lived about 150 B.C. In addition to being a great mathematician, he invented the siphon, the gearwheel, the pump, the water clock and the steam engine.
His book on mechanics translated into Arabic was carefully studied by mechanics and engineers of the sixteenth century. In this remarkable book “Hero lists” he describes five simple ways by which an unusually heavy weight may be lifted and moved with minimum effort. These five principles form the basis of all the machinery in the world today and, though described in detail by Hero, their practical application to machinery did not come about for more than a thousand years. They are: the lever, the wheel and axle, the pulley, the wedge, the screw.
While it is true that the invention of the screw is attributed to Archimedes and the wedge and the lever were known long before Hero's time, he was the man, who showed for the first time that all machinery is based on these five important principles, and how to apply these principles to machinery — such as it was in these early times.
Neither he nor anyone else of his time realized the importance of these inventions. Hero's book on pneumatics, which was translated into Italian in 1549 and later into English, described more than seventy totally useless inventions, most of which embody important basic principles. Their main function was to entertain.
|
|
|
Задание 5.2
Определите назначение основных изобретений Герона.
Задание 5.3
а) Выпишите из первого абзаца текста названия изобретений Герона, а из второго абзаца — названия механизмов, к которым были приложены принципы механики, открытые Героном. Расположите слова в алфавитном порядке и найдите их русские соответствия в словаре.
б) Найдите в словаре значения слов:
weight, an effort, to attribute, to entertain, to embody.
Задание 5.4
Найдите предложение, которое раскрывает суть законов механики, описанных Героном; переведите это предложение на русский язык.
Задание 5.5
Просмотрите текст ещё раз и определите, какие из функций глагола to be преобладают в тексте. Переведите сказуемые, выраженные моделью to be + N, на русский язык.
Задание 5.6
