Parts of speech

I. Determine the part of speech of each italicized word. Motivate your answer:

А. 1. "Oh!" Joy's gasp was more audible because no one else gasped. 2. But this is conjecture; I am of the earth, earthy 3. I see that Basil is in one of his sulky moods; and I can't bear him when he sulks. 4. And now, my little one, we've gossiped long enough, I must get back to work. 5. He was full of gossip and you could trust him to know the details of the latest scandal before anyone but the parties immediately con­cerned. 6.... it's the gossipiest community I know of. 7. And where are you going for your honeymoon, my dear? 8. While they were honeymooning in New Orleans Scarlett told Rhett of Mammy's words. 9. I was willing to accept every sort of life, no matter what its pain and sorrow. 10. She had gone up­stairs and he was left sorrowing but still very puzzled. 11. We told him that he would have to go without shaving that morn­ing, as we weren't going to unpack that bag again for him, nor for anyone like him. 12. Harris said that we should be wanting to start in less than twelve hour's time, and thought that he and George had better do the rest; and I agreed and sat down, and they had a go. He said: "Don't be absurd. How can I go into City like that?" 13. The devil laughed till his sides ached, for he knew the evil men would commit in the name of their redeemer. 14. "If you are trying to devil me," she said tiredly, "it's no use." 15. He ate and drank impulsively in heavy meals at long intervals. 16. Outside their, billet he tripped and fell into a deep shell-hole just as a heavy exploded with terrific force at his side. 17. Outside the vicious heavies crashed eter­nally. 18. "Nobody will ever know on this line," we said, "what you are or where you're going." 19. After that no body of men could stand against them, so hopeless was the enterprise. 20. Don't trouble trouble till trouble troubles you.

B. 1. By a lucky chance it excited attention, and various persons sought my acquaintance. 2. Heaven knows what pains the author has been at, what bitter experiences he has endured and what heartache suffered, to give some chance reader a few hours' relaxation or to while away the tedium of a journey. 3. Each of the Martians, standing in the great crescent I have described, had discharged at some unknown signal, by means of the gunlike tube he carried, a huge canister over whatever hill, copse, cluster of houses or other possible cover for guns, chanced to be in front of him. 4. It is odd, by-the-by, that for countless centuries Mars has been the star of war. 5. He had reached the first expressionless stage of the war soldier which is followed by the period of acute strain. 6. Are we such apostles of mercy as to complain if the Martians were in the same spirit? 7. It is a white dog. 8. There is a fatality about all physical and intellectual distinction, the sort of fatality that seems to dog through history the faltering steps of kings. 9. He would have bronchitis in the dog-days, and have hay-fever at Christmas. 10. They like to think that Italy is like my pictures. 11. "Did Madame ever hear the like of it?" conclud­ed Jeanne, throwing up her hands to heaven.

II. Name the syntactical functions of the italicized words, paying attention to the secondary syntactic features: conjunctions, determiners, articles etc., and say what word-class they belong to:

А. 1. If, seized by an intolerable boredom, he had deter­mined to be a painter merely to break with irksome ties, it would be comprehensible and commonplace; but commonplace is precisely what I felt he was not. 2. I wish you shouldn't say things like that; it gives me a nasty feeling in the pit of my stomach. 3. I could not stomach his weakness, and he saw my disapproval. 4. "There!" he would say, in an injured tone, "now the nail's, gone." 5. They drive posts into the bed of the stream and draw chains across from bank to bank and nail huge notice-boards on every tree. 6. And, with the first blow, he would smash his thumb, and drop the hammer, with a yell, on somebody's toes. Aunt Maria would mildly observe that next time Uncle Podger was going to hammer a nail into the wall, she hoped he'd let her know in time, so that she could make arrangement to go and spend a week with her mother while it was being done. 7. The cool breeze was still in the air. And the air was still fresh and free. 8. I can't sit still and see another man slaving and working. 9. At any rate he has to learn to keep still and suffer fools patiently. 10. They had even time to adapt themselves to the blind control of fire, which I hey made carefully in stoves of stone. 11. The valley, he said, had in it all that the heart of man could desire — sweet water, pasture, and even climate.

B. I. After they had gone he felt lonely and began to lire of this lady-love. 2. He had met her early in spring, as lie was flying down the river after a big yellow moth. His mother has nothing to give him but river water, so he is cry­ing. 3. "It is very cold here," he said; ^“but I will stay with you for one night and be your messenger." 4. I could not but see that the inspector thought that here might be a suspect, but I could only laugh. 5. "My information is unfortunately but too correct," said the middle-aged lady, "I was present at the quarrel." 6. "Ask Mr. Gray to wait, Parker: I shall be in in a few moments." 7. They had spoken to each other in halfsentences for the last fifteen minutes. 8. Surely they don't want me for myself for myself is the same old self they did not want. 9. But this was not an easy thing to do, for Strickland was not a fluent talker. 10. She made me translate what she could only express in her own tongue, and eagerly asked for the meaning of his replies. 11. I always determine — when thinking over the matter in London — that I'll get up early every morning, and go and have a dip before breakfast, and I religiously pack up a pair of drawers and a bath towel. 12. And then followed such a concussion as I have never heard of before or since. 13. Mrs. Abinger was longing to see Archie, but she kept silent since Joy did not suggest it. 14.1 spent that night in the inn that stands at the top of Puthey Hill, sleeping in a made bed for the first time since my flight to Leatherhead. 15. She had not looked at him once since they sat down; and h€"wondered what on earth she had been thinking about all the time. 16. We have learnt now that we cannot regard this planet as being fenced in and a secure abiding place for Man. 17. I cannot but regret now that I am concluding my story how little I am able to contribute to the discussion of the many debatable questions which are still unsettled.

III. Identify each italicized word in these sentences as noun, verb, adverb etc. Mark the cases of transposition:

А. 1. Let me see. Today is Tuesday. Let us fix tomorrow. She plays Juliet tomorrow. 2. Will the prized treasures of today always be the cheap trifles of the day before? 3. One to­day is worth two tomorrows. 4. "If nothing important turns up between now and tomorrow," said Grant, "I shall go down to Nottingham." 5. I wish now I had not told you about Sibyl Vane. 6. He was here to deal with the great general needs of the Middle West. 7. Don't move from here until we spot him. 8. I left there to come Jiere. 9. I order double portions and eat them in peace. 10. He grasped the idea of order swiftly. 11.1 have ordered passion-flowers to be embroidered on it; but the seamstresses are so lazy..12. I have them made to order on a pattern of my own. 13. Then he meant to go to London to order some new clothes and incidentally to look up some old friends. 14. And yet, when I was at my father's, did not the men give up their gayest balls and parties in order to pass the evening with me? 15. I tried to set in order what I had to tell to his wife. 16. We were sitting round the table, a round table covered with a red cloth, and we worked by the light of a lamp with a green shade. 17. A party in evening dress put in an ap­pearance, who had evidently been doing the rounds and now wanted a spot of supper to finish up with. 18. Come round the moment you get in. 19. Three days later we rounded the Cape of Good Hope and entered upon inky waters of the Indian Ocean. 20. Looking through the telescope, one saw a circle of deep- blue, and the little round planet swimming in the field. It seemed such a little thing, so bright and small and still faintly marked with stripes, and slightly flattened from the perfect round. But so little it was, so silvery warm; a pin's head of light! It was as if it quivered a little.... 21. I wished I had a light to smoke by, little suspecting the mean­ing of the minute gleam I had seen, and all that it would pre­sently bring me. 22. How did you learn to do that little? 23. It is not strange, then, that those who wrote of him should have eked out their scanty recollections with a lively fancy, and it is evident that there was enough in the little that was known of him to give opportunity to the romantic scribe; there was much in his life which was strange and terrible, in his character something outrageous, and in his fate not a little that was pathetic. 24. I am returning to my-monastery in a little while. 25. The object doesn't matter, it may be worth while or it may be worthless. 26. It was while the curate sat and talked so wildly to me under the hedge in the flat meadows near Halliford, and while my brother who was watching the fugitives stream over Westminster Bridge, that the Martians had resumed the offensive. 27. Heaven knows what pains the author has been at, what bitter experiences he has endured and what heartache suffered, to give some chance reader a few hours' relaxation or to while away the tedium of a journey. 28. For a while I stood fascinated by that slow fitful advance. B. 1. Then he slept awhile, and began again with renewed strength, so loudly that I must need make him desist. 2. One needs to see the drawings of these appearances in order to appreciate fully their remarkable resemblance in character. 3. I have saved sufficient for my needs, and I shall now pro­ceed to enjoy it. 4. On the contrary, I feel more that I want to stop in bed till the last moment, and then come down and have my breakfast. 5. The eyes of the Happy Prince were filled with tears, and tears were running down his golden cheeks. 6. The next day the Swallow flew down to the harbour. 7. And when it comes to something that's unpleasant but can't be helped, I don't see any sense in screaming and kicking about it. That's no way to meet the tips and downs of life. 8. He wan­dered out along the straight French road, with its ceaseless up and down of mechanical transport and military traffic. 9. It was Mrs. Poppets that woke me up next morning. 10. He said there would be quite hard work in towing sufficient food for Harris up against stream, as it was. 11. I don't know why it should be, I am sure; but the sight of another man asleep in bed when I am up, maddens me. 12. That's the way among that class. They up and give the old woman a friendly clump, just as you or me would swear at the missus. 13. "Shut that door!" he called without looking up. When he saw who it was, he condescended a sarcastic Thank you but no Madam. He did not Madam anybody, even good customers like Mrs. Moore. 14. The Corner Stores had out-Ellisoned Ellison's. 15. To out-Herod Herod. 16. When I had finished, George asked if the soap was in. 17. Ah! if, if, if, if if and it were pots and pans there'd be no need of tinkers.

IV. Determine the part of speech of each italicized word:

А. 1. She began to walk about that she might get warm again. 2. There was something in his face that made one trust him at once. 3. It is sad that I can remember nothing of all this scintillation. 4. The moral I draw is that the writer should seek his reward in the pleasure of his work and in release from the burden of his thoughts. 5. He was disappointed that these men talked in such a trivial and uninteresting way. 6. But that doesn't prevent the fact that Charles Strickland is a heartless beast. 7. That was what she hated; she knew that that was what the soldier hated, what they all hated. 8. To be time-expired meant that you were going to break down that wall, break through it, break out into the resurrected memory of a sort of life that mattered. 9. It was an obsession so complete that there was no room in his soul for prudence or gratitude. 10. People say sometimes that Beauty is only superficial. That may be so. 11. I could only see the tip, and the only thing that I could gain from that was to feel fever.

B. 1. She made me translate what she could only express in her own tongue. 2. What followed showed that Mrs. Strick­land was a woman of character. 3. "What is that you are read­ing?" he asked. 4. "That's what I can't do," the boy said. 5. "What happened to the child?" 6. What odd chaps you paint­ers are! 7. The world was full of odd persons, who did odd things, and perhaps they knew that a man is not what he wants to be, but what he must be.

C. 1. I don't know who this woman is who's got hold of him, but she's made him into another man. 2. "Well, it was Kant who said it" 3. Who stole my purse, stole trash. 4. They were not niggardly, these tramps, and he who had money did not hesitate to share it among the rest. 5. "Who has done this!" exclaimed Miss Mills. 6. "Who wouldn't like it? It is one of the greatest things in modern art."

D. 1. Our house stands where the river crosses the road. 2. She was not certain where he lived, but it was in one of the three houses opposite. 3. It was known where Strickland was staying. 4. He had often spoken to me of the silent town, somewhere up in the north of Holland where his parents still lived. 5. "Where the devil have you been all this time?" said he. 6. At any rate he would help her with it later, when they were where no one could see them. 7. She missed a job at a printing works by five minutes, and took a temporary place at a small restaurant where the proprietor's daughter was ill.

E. 1. I mused on Kingston or "Kyningstun" as it was called in the days when Saxon "kings" were crowned there. 2. When she caught Strickland's eye she-smiled. 3. It was nearly dawn when they reached Folkestone. 4. I knew when he was dying he'd send for me.... 5. "To-night she is Imogen," he answered, "and tomorrow night she will be Juliet." — "When is she Sib­yl Vane?" 6. In the evening is when I like to think of having a piano.

F. 1. Words! Mere words! How terrible they were! How clear and vivid, and cruel! 2. I could understand how his wife must feel for him.... 3. How I remained on deck staring about me, until we came alongside the dock, and how, though I had had as many eyes as Argus, I should have had them all wide open, and all employed on new objects — are topics which I will not prolong this chapter to discuss. 4. It was no matter how it all ended, or was destined to end. 5. "I hear you've seen Blanche," he said. "How on earth did you find out?" 6. You thought it was empty. This is how empty it was. 7. I knew I wanted to find my wife, that my heart ached for her and the world of men, but I had no clear idea how the find­ing might be done.

G. 1. There is no reason why you shouldn't live with him in Paris for a year. 2. I did not know why he seemed so embar­rassed. 3. That's why I've come over here. 4. My heart thumped against my ribs, and, I don't know why, I flew into a temper.