II. Agree or disagree

1. Phonetics is closely connected with lexicology.

2. General phonetics studies the structure of a particular language.

3. Every sound sequence produced by a human vocal apparatus is regarded as speech.

4. Sound interchange helps to distinguish forms of irregular verbs.

5. I.A. Baudouin de Courtenay worked on the phoneme theory.

6. Sonorant is the consonant phoneme in production of which noise prevails over voice.

7. Complete assimilation is the degree of assimilation when the articulated phoneme still has some of its main phonetic features.

8. Hesitation pauses serve as signals of doubt, suspense and are mainly used in spontaneous speech to gain some time to think over what to say next.

9. Standard English pronunciation is based on the London dialect.

10. English pronunciation is homogeneous and stable.

III Match the parts of the definition

1. Bilabial consonants a) are articulated with the tip of the tongue projected between the teeth

2. Labiodental consonants b) are articulated in the glottis

3. Interdental consonants c) are articulated with both lips

4. Alveolar consonants d) are articulated with the lower lip and the upper teeth

5. Pharyngal consonants e) are articulated with the tip of the tongue against the upper teeth ridge

Test 3

I. Choose the correct variant

1. Which aspect of speech sounds is connected with the hearing process?

a) auditory; b) articulatory; c) acoustic.

2. Which methods of phonetic investigation are based on the usage of special devices?

a) methods of direct observation b) instrumental methods

c) linguistic methods

3. Which of the approaches to the phoneme regards it as an ideal mental image?

a) populational b) mentalistic c) functional

4. Which variations in pronunciation are determined by personal speech characteristics?

a) stylistic b) dialectal c) individual

5. If one phoneme is influenced by the following one the assimilation is

a) regressive b) progressive c) reciprocal

6. A syllable which begins in a consonant and ends in a consonant is called:

a) fully closed; b) uncovered and open; c) uncovered and closed.

7. The stress which falls on different morphemes in different grammatical forms of a word or in different derivatives from one and the same root is called:

a) fixed; b) constant; c) shifting.

8. Primary, secondary and weak word stress is singled out according to the:

a) position in the word b) degree of prominence c) relevant features

9. Which of the nuclear tones starts at a medium pitch level or a bit lower and falls to a very low pitch?

a) the Low-Rise b) the Low-Fall c) the High-Rise

10. Which part of the syntagm includes all unstressed syllables up to the first stressed one.

a) the pre-head b) the head c) the tail