Search and Rescue Operation

Rescue operations consist of searching for and removing trapped occupants of hazardous conditions. Search patterns include movement against room walls (to prevent rescuers from becoming lost or disoriented) and methodical searches of specific areas by designated teams.

Searches for trapped victims are exhaustively detailed, often including searches of cupboards, closets, and under beds. The search is divided into two stages, the primary and secondary. The primary search is conducted quickly and thoroughly, typically beginning in the area closest to the fire as it is subjected to the highest risk of exposure. The secondary search only begins once the fire is under control, and is always (resources and personnel permitting) performed by a different team from that which did the primary search.

Searching a building is normally a two to three man team. The most common way to search a building that is filled with smoke is to crawl on hands and knees with an axe (or any other tool) in the firefighter's left hand. The firefighter will keep one hand on the wall, or a foot in contact at all times with the wall.

It is also important to remember that the firefighter needs to check the floor before he moves into the room.

Rescue operations may also involve the extrication of victims of motor vehicle crashes. Here firefighters use spreaders, cutters, and hydraulic rams, collectively called hydraulic rescue tools - known better to the public as Jaws of Life - to remove metal from the patient, followed by actually removing the patient, usually on a backboard with collar, and transferring to a waiting ambulance crew in the cold zone.

Rescue operations require extensive technical training. Rescuer must have medical training to perform any technical rescue operation. Accordingly, firefighters involved in rescue operations have some kind of medical training as first responders, emergency medical technicians, paramedics or nurses.

Найдите в тексте (задание № 10) и выпишите английские эквиваленты к данным словосочетаниям.

1. опасные условия

2. извлечение людей из-под завалов

3. предотвращать

4. первичный поиск

5. разделять на две стадии

6. подвергаться

7. наивысший риск

8. здание, наполненное дымом

9. спасательные операции

10. извлечение жертвы

11. автотранспортные аварии