2015-06-26
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2.2.1 Colleges and Universities of the United States
2.2.1.1 Pronounce property
Massachusetts
General Court
Harvard University
College of William and Mary
Yale University
Princeton University
Washington and Lee University Columbia University
University of Pensilvania
Rutgers College
Dartmouth College
University of Michigan
Oberlin College
Mount Holyoke
Wells
Wellesley
Illinois
Missouri
California
Vassar
2.2.1.2 Read the following words and expressions. Pay attention to their translation
colonist - колонист, поселенец
territory - территория
to make contribution - сделать вклад, взнос
to be named in honor - быть названным в честь
to leave sth. to sb. - оставить что-то кому-либо
half of one’s property - половина имущества
to depend on - зависеть от
to establishment - основание, создание
establish - основать, создавать, организовывать
to declare one's independence.-провозгласить независимость
institution-учреждение
to vote for - голосовать за
to support by taxes - оказывать материальную поддержку с помощью налогов
state university - государственный университет
to play a leading role - играть ведущую роль
to feel certain - быть уверенным
co-educated colleges - колледжи совместного обучения
separate colleges -колледжи раздельного обучения
to be founded - быть основанным
to admit sb. to sth. - допускать кого-то к чему-либо
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2.2.1.3 Read the text
A short time after the first colonists came to the territory which we now call Massachusetts, the General Court of Massachusetts made the first contribution for Harvard College. It was in 1636. This school later became the famous Harvard University. It is the oldest university in the United States. It was named in honor of John Harvard, who died in 1638. This man left his library and half of his property to the university. People knew that the future of the new country depended on education. And after the establishment of Harvard they began to establish other schools. In 1776 the Americans declared their independence. By this time nine other institutions were opened. Their present names and the dates of their opening are:
College of William and Mary (1693)
Yale University (1701)
Princeton University (1746)
Washington and Lee University (1749)
Columbia University (1754)
University of Pensilvania (1755)
Brown University (1764)
Rutgers College (1766)
Dartmouth College (1770)
Some of the money for the educational institutions came from the government, but most of it came from people who felt that by giving their money they were investing in the new country. People believed that new country needed colleges. They voted for their state governments to organize colleges which would be supported by taxes. These are called state universities and they are playing leading roles in the world of education in America. By 1894 all states had such universities. The University of Michigan which first opened as a school in Detroit in 1817, became a state university in 1837, when Michigan became a state.
In the early 1800s most people thought that only men should attend college. But other people felt certain that women, too must be educated. Some of them thought that the best would be to have co-educated colleges. Others thought that there must be separate colleges for men and women. Oberlin College, which was founded in 1833 was the first co-educational school. Mount Holyoke was founded in 1837. It was the first school for women. Other schools for women are: Vassar (1821), Wells (1868), Wellesley (1871). In 1870 Michigan, Illinois, Missouri, California began to admit women to state universities. Now all public universities admit women. Even many private men's colleges are beginning to admit women.
2.2.1.4 Answer the following questions
1 Which is the oldest university in the United States?
a)Yale University; b) Columbia University; c) Harvard University.
2 Do you remember when John Harvard died?
a) in 1720; b)in 1638; c)in 1785.
3 Whom was the first American university named after?
a) Franklin Roosevelt; b)John Harvard; c)John Kennedy.
4 What did the future of America depend on?
a) trade; b) industry; c) education.
5 When did the Americans declare their independence?
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a) in 1620; b) in 1850; c) in 1776.
6 How many educational institutions were opened in America by the time it became independent?
a) 5; b) 9; c) 15.
7 Where did most of the money for the educational institutions come from?
a) the government; b) people; c) church.
8 How were state universities supported?
a) by the government; b) by taxes; c) by church.
9 What educational institutions play leading roles in the world of education in America?
a) private universities; b) state universities..
10 By what time did all the states have state universities?
a)1780; b)I894; c)1870.
11 What was the first co-educated college?
a) Oberlin College; b) Rutgers College; c) Dartmouth College.
12 Do all public universities admit women?
a) yes, b) no.
2.2.2 Going Back to School
2.2.2.1 You are going to read a magazine article about various people who did courses later in life. For Questions 1-15, choose from the people (A-D). There is an example at the beginning (0). Of which of the people A-D are the following true?
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A. Fiona
В. Deborah
С. Joyce
D. Sonya
She recommends the course she took.
She felt relaxed when doing a course.
She felt obliged to do a course.
Her training made it hard for her to do some of the work on a course.
Her colleagues' attitude towards her has changed.
She feels confident about the future.
She was put off education earlier in life.
The way classes were organized suited her.
Her plans became more ambitious while doing a course.
She wasted her time when she was at college before.
She realized she had thought of a strong commercial idea.
Her teacher provided practical advice.
She found her experience of life useful when doing a course.
She enjoyed the company of the others taking a course.
She has learnt not to be nervous in certain circumstances.
A success encouraged her to study other subjects.
Returning to education after years of working can open any number of doors, as Frances Brierley discovered.
Fiona, a freelance journalist, has just finished a four-year part-time degree in English Literature. Fiona. 33, who hadn't been in further education since finishing a journalism course at London Printing College 11 years ago, says; 'I got more out of doing it later in life than straight after school. When I did my journalism course, we at in the canteen chatting half the time, but when you're older you realize that the only person you're cheating is yourself if you do that. And when you're older you can bring so much more to your analysis because you've done more. It was quite strange having to write an essay after many years, particularly after being a journalist where you have to say things as briefly as possible. But It wbb Interesting having access to such knowledgeable tutors'
Deborah left school without any qualifications and ended up ten years later with a degree. Obtaining the degree gave her an enormous desire to learn more. Since then, Deborah has enrolled on courses ranging from pottery to African cinema to salsa dancing.
She says: “I never liked school. They didn't teach me to enjoy learning and I'm sure this experience can destroy many people's desire to learn more later in life. There's so much in life to learn as you get older. It becomes a real pleasure. There are no pressures - you don't have to prove anything. You are there because you want to be. There is also something special about spending time with people who share a common passion. You don't know their names or anything about them, but all the barriers are broken down because everyone has the same objective.”
Joyce joined the Start Your Own Business course a few months ago and she is now preparing to start an international business in furniture design. Joyce, who is in her early thirties, says: “I had a flood of ideas that came to me in bed one night and I had to get up to draw them while they were still fresh in my mind.”
The course was taught by a businesswoman, Diane Shelley. She says: 'Joyce was full of ideas and is now about to start her own multi-million pound business. “'The course helps you identify so many things,” says Joyce, 'the ideas developed until they were almost out of control; by the end my idea had become an international business. Diane didn't just teach theory, she also shared her own experience with us. That helped me a lot, because years ago I would have been frightened to see bank managers and accountants as I didn't understand the financial aspects. Diane made me realize that you employ these people to do the work. Now I'm not scared of borrowing money because I know the business will be successful.
Sonya did a three-day intensive desk-top publishing course in May. Sonya, 24, who works as a publicity assistant at a bank, says: 'I needed some skills to make me better at my job. Writing reports is an essential part of my job and so the presentation of my work is important.' The course, held at the London College of Printing, covers both practice and theory. Sonya says: 'It was quite demanding, they really get you thinking. Because there were only six or seven in the group, we got more attention and it was easier to ask questions. Now my reports appear more professional and I can produce them quicker. A lot of people have said «Your work's improved», and it has made me get on better with people in the office because I'm in a privileged position, having knowledge others don't have.
