Oppositional analysis in morphology

The grammatical category of aspect.

In Russian we have perfective and imperfective. In English it is common (walk) and continuous (is walking).

Aspect – is the grammatical category of the word which expresses the difference in the way the action is shown to proceed.

Write is writing

Wrote was writing

Will write will be writing

Has written has been writing

The set of opposition. One of the members of these opposition is characterized in form by the present of the pattern be + Ving, by the meaning of process of continuation and these members are called the marked or the strong members.

And the first member is characterized by the absence of the meaning and form

The basic meaning of the marked (second) members in the following it denotes the action proceeding continuously at a definite period of time.

The first members devoid this meaning it is unmarked.

The marked member is going to continuous and unmarked common.

O. Jazzperson, book “philosophy of grammar”. Nein aspects of English are presented be Deutschbein in his book.

1. Iterative (repeated)

2. Frequentative (многократно повтор.)

3. Inchoative (зачинательный)

4. Intensive

5. Continuous

6. Perfect

7. Resultative

8. Imperative

9. Causative

Грузинская shows the opposition that there three aspects in English. They are common, continuous and resultative: I have red the book

Жигадло-Иванова There few tenses in English: Past, present, Future. The category of aspect is represented by continuous form.

The continuous forms are mark member of the opposition.

34.

The grammatical category of time relation.

Temperal correlation and taxis. All of them are synonyms. In Russian: категория временной соотнесенности. In the system of the English verbs we come across some special opposition.

Opposition 1: in the Present – past form

2. between common forms and continuous forms

3. Between non – perfect – perfect forms

Write have written wrote had written

Will write will have written

The opposed member present the grammatical category of time relation: 1. the first member is unmarked and the second member is marked be discontinuous morpheme by the meaning of priority of precession is the invariable component of semi of the present

Perfect verbs have not only one component. Completeness (result): he has broken his leg. The next component is action taking place during the length of time till now.: I have lived in Tyumen for ten years.

For repeated action also with some time indication: He has often opened the window and said for hours looking out into the garden.