Humanities

UNIT IV

EXERCISE 1. Read, translate, and learn the new words to read and discuss the texts and dialogues. Translate the sample sentences:

1. humanities. The humanities are a group of academic subjects.

2. to reflect on. Through the humanities we reflect on the fundamental questions.

3. to offer. The humanities offer clues but not answers.

4. complete. It was a complete answer to the question.

5. to reveal. They revealed a lot of problems.

6. spiritual. People have tried to make moral, spiritual, and intellectual world.

7. despair. She lost all her money and was in despair.

8. loneliness. She was unhappy without her friends, and the loneliness made her cry.

9. reason. The world, in which irrationality, despair, loneliness, and death are together with birth, friendship, hope, and reason.

10. inaccurate. This term can be inaccurate.

11. wisdom. The word “philosophy” means “love of wisdom”.

12. curious. The child was rather curious.

13. humanity, existence, value. Philosophers are curious about the world, humanity, existence, values, understanding, and the nature of things.

14. relative. Are values absolute, or relative?

15. space. What is the nature of space and time?

16. to differ from. How do beautiful things differ from the everyday?

17. will. Does free will exist?

18. to distinguish from. Philosophy can be distinguished from other disciplines.

19. inquiry. It can be distinguished by its methods of inquiry.

20. doubt. They have some doubts about the subject.

21. to confuse. That question confused her.

22. to solve. Philosophers typically solve problems in a logical manner.

23. to respond. They search for answers responding to the arguments of others.

24. to undergo change. It includes everything that undergoes change.

25. therefore. As a modern science has shown that there is nothing absolutely static, therefore the whole universe, and every part of it, has its history.

26. to refer to. History refers to the study of human societies.

27. an account. The term "history" comes from the Greek "historia" (an account of one’s inquiries).

28. to deal with. Political science deals with the theory and practice of politics.

29. survey. Secondary sources include scientific journal articles, survey research, statistical analysis, and model building.

30. jurisprudence, prudent. Jurisprudence is the study, and application of law. He was rather prudent.

31. legal. Jurisprudence studies both the law and the complex of legal principles.

32. common. Legal theory studies law in general, common to all legal systems.

33. a court. The law can be established through the decisions of the courts and other officials.

34. descriptive. Jurisprudence in the second sense is usually divided into two parts: descriptive, or analytic jurisprudence, and normative jurisprudence.

35. justice. What is the relation between law and justice or morality?

36. a concept. How should we understand concepts like legal rights and legal obligations?

37. to punish. What sorts of acts should be punished?

38. to obey the law. Is there a duty to obey the law?

EXERCISE 2. Read the international words and mind the stress:

philosophy, history, academy, humanist, humanism, nature, component, literature, combination, discipline, method, problem, puzzle, type, logic, discussion, argument, person, information, phenomena, etymology, interview, archaeology, jurisprudence, theory, practice, politics, analysis, system, public, administration, policy, document, official, model, expert, complex, principle, sort, act.