Dental facilities

The dentist's offices are designed to be comfortable, private, and relaxing for all of the patients. Each and every room in it is carefully planned out in order to provide patients with the best care and service possible.

After your name is called in the waiting room, you'll go into an exam room and sit down in a big, comfortable armchair. The armchair will have a place to rest your head and lots of room for you to stretch out your legs. Next to the chair may be a little sink with a cup that you can use to rinse out your mouth as your teeth are being cleaned. The typical dental operatory or dental unit system contains armchairs with hydraulic lifts, sterilizers, x-ray equipment, an instrument holder, and handpieces used for drilling and cleaning. Some of them may be equipped with intra-oral cameras and wireless video imaging. Proper illumination is required to detect any changes in oral cavity, so dental lamp can be focused to show all parts of the mouth. Next to the chair there is a small table for the trays with all sorts of the tools.

While examining oral cavity or performing any oral treatment a dentist should wear a face mask, protective safety glasses to prevent hit upon foreign bodies into eyes, and dentist's hands should always be gloved.

In examination of dental and periodontal tissues the use of instruments such as a probe, a mirror, cotton wool, forceps is demanded. Diagnostic aids are also provided by periapical radiographs, an electric pulp tester, ice-stick, hot gutta-percha, a periodontal probe and others. Dental instruments must be sterile, for those instruments which do no penetrate soft tissues and bone and come in contact with the skin only disinfection is adequate. Microorganisms can be killed by steam, chemical solution, ultra violet light radiation.

Dentists use the following instruments: an excavator for removing soften dentine or plaque and temporary fillings; straight forceps - for extracting incisors and canines; S-shaped forceps - for extraction of premolars. Also there are a lot of burs: diamond, round, cylindric, wheel-shaped.

There are also instrument cupboards with many instruments in them. We can see various filling materials, bonding systems for restoration work; files, paper and gutta-percha points, seals for endodontics; splints, trays, matrixes, impression materials for orthopaedic work; dental cotton rolls, rubber dam, saliva ejector for hygienic purposes.

Ex.12. Translate the following words and word-combinations into English:

Відновлювальні роботи; ватні кульки; розм'якшений дентин; видаляти зубні бляшки; стоматологічна установка; відповідне освітлення; виявляти будь-які зміни; чужорідне тіло; рукавички; бездротовий; обладнання; ретельно спланований; стерильний; щипці, пінцет; різці; алмазний бор; полоскати рот.

Ex.13. Answer the following questions:

1. What do you have to say about the design of dental rooms, dental surgeries? 2. What can one see in the dental surgery? 3. What does the typical dental operatory or dental unit system contain? 4. Is proper illumination required to detect any changes in oral cavity? 5. How can dentists protect themselvs form various infections and foreign bodies while performing any dental work? 6. What instruments are required for the oral examination? 7. What tools are used for tooth extraction and for restorative works? 8. What is required for endodontics and orthopaedic work? 9. What is used for the disinfection of the dental instruments?

Ex.14. Match the terms with their definitions:

1. dental lamp; 2. bur; 3. straight forceps; 4. electric pulp tester; 5. cotton wool rolls; 6. dental mirror; 7. saliva ejector; 8. dental armchair.

A. This is applied to the crown to determine whether the pulp is alive or dead. B. They are used for extracting incisors and canines. C. They are for keeping the oral cavity dry.

D. A patient can sit or lie in it. E. They are used for drilling away hard dental tissues. F. It provides the proper illumination. G. It reflects any changes in oral cavity which can not be seen directly, without using any instruments.

Ex.15. Read the following text, translate it and write down all unknown words: