Circle the correct answer

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I passed my driving test today! I (0) didn’t need to worry / needn’t have worried about it because it was quite easy! I’m so happy! I (1) don’t need / needn’t to have any more lessons! Mum took me to the test centre. We left home early and then we had to wait for half an hour at the test centre. I (2) didn’t need to get up / needn’t have got up so early after all, but never mind. After the test, we went to town. Mum (3) didn’t need to go / needn’t have gone to work. We had lunch and did some shopping. We stayed quite late because we (4) didn’t need to get / needn’t have got home for Ben. He was playing football after school. When we got home, I drove to Emma’s on my own. It was exciting but terrifying! I (5) need to / needn’t get more practice, I think. I hope your driving lessons are going well. I’ve got some books about driving if you’d like them. I (6) didn’t need to buy / needn’t have bought them because I never looked at them, but they look quite useful. Anyway, when you come next time, we’ll go for a drive!

Advice and recommendations

• We use should/shouldn’t or ought (not) to to say that something is or isn’t a good idea: You should try this recipe. She shouldn’t watch so much TV. We all ought to do something for the environment. I ought not to tell you this.

• We can also use must, have to and mustn’t. Must, have to and mustn’t are stronger than should and ought to: You have to see the new exhibition. You mustn’t miss Tom’s talk - it’ll be very interesting.

• We use had better (not) + infinitive to give strong advice or a warning: You ’d better tell the police! You ’d better not be late!

• We use should/shouldn’t + have + past participle to express criticism of someone’s behaviour in the past: I should have known that he’d be late! She shouldn’t have lied to me.

19. Complete the conversation. Use should/shouldn’t or ought/ought not.

A: We (0)...... needn’t...... stop for a coffee. We’re going to be late.

B: I’m always late for everything! I (1)........................... to organise my time better.

A: Actually, you (2)........................... to agree to do too much. You (3)........................... learn to say no. And you (4)........................... help your sister with her homework every night. It’s not good for her or you.

B: Yes, she (5)........................... to depend on me so much.

A: Exactly. She (6)........................... try to work on her own.


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