A. For Study

Таблица 1

Adverbial Subordinate Clauses / придаточные обстоятельственные предложения/

Придаточные предложения	Вводятся союзом или союзным словом:
1. обстоятельства времени /adverbial clauses of time/	after /после того, как/ as /когда, в то время как/ as long as /пока/ as soon as /как только/ before /прежде чем/ since /с тех пор как/ till /до тех пор как/ untill /до тех пор пока не/ when /когда/ while /в то время как/
2. обстоятельства места /adverbial clauses of place/	where wherever /где бы ни, куда бы ни/
3. обстоятельства причины /adverbial clauses of reason/	as /так как/ since /так как, поскольку/ because /потому, что/
4. обстоятельства цели /adverbial clauses of purpose/	(so) that /(так) чтобы, чтобы/ in order that /для того, чтобы/ lest /так, чтобы/
5. обстоятельства условия /adverbial clauses of condition/	if /если/ provided (that) /при условии если/ in case that /в случае если/ unless /если не/ on condition that /при условии если/ supposing (that) suppose (that) /предположим, что/
6. обстоятельства образа действия /adverbial clauses of manner/	as /как/ as if, as though /как будто, как если бы/
7. следствия /adverbial clauses of result/	so that, so /так что/
8. уступительные /adverbial clauses of concession/	though (although) /хотя/ in spite of the fact that /несмотря на то, что/

1. Grammar Exercises

I. Read the following sentences and state the types of the adverbial subordinate clauses /consult Table I/:

1. After the agreement had been signed, the delegation left Moscow.

2. He spoke as if he knew this problem very well.

3. He could not come to the lecture because he was ill.

4. He went where the doctor sent him.

5. Mike acted as though nothing had happened.

6. She sat behind me so that I could not see the expression of her face.

II. Put the verbs into the suitable tense form:

1. I already (have) my holiday this year.

2. It (rain) when I (wake up) last Sunday.

3. It always (rain) when I am not working.

4. We (arrange) to meet Ann outside the theatre, and she (wait) for twenty minutes when we (get) there.

5. It’s Monday again today, and I (work) as usual.

6. I (go) to the Caucasus next summer.

7. I (live) for 20 years in this city.

III. Give the meaning of the following words:

Light – to light; answer – to answer; face – to face; screen – to screen; place – to place; land – to land; order – to order; walk – to walk; broadcast – to broadcast; machine – to machine; work – to work; change – to change; class – to class; hand – to hand; measure – to measure; purchase – to purchase; run – to run; hunger – to hunger.

Clean – to clean; dirty – to dirty; cool – to cool; quiet – to quiet; empty – to empty; free – to free; wet – to wet; busy – to busy.

2. Word Building Exercises

IV. Give the meaning of the following words:

Light – to light; answer – to answer; face – to face; screen – to screen; place – to place; land – to land; order – to order; walk – to walk; broadcast – to broadcast; machine – to machine; work – to work; change – to change; class – to class; hand – to hand; measure – to measure; purchase – to purchase; run – to run; hunger – to hunger.

Clean – to clean; dirty – to dirty; cool – to cool; quiet – to quiet; empty – to empty; free – to free; wet – to wet; busy – to busy.

V. Give the meaning of the following words: *

production – overproduction

estimate – overestimate

fulfilment – overfulfirment

heat – overheat

man – superman

natural – supernatural

structure – superstructure

tax – supertax

sonic – ultrasonic

sound – ultrasound

violet – ultraviolet

VI. State the parts of speech of the following words and translate them:

· Тo employ, employee, employer, employment, unemployment, employed;

· to pay, paid, payment, paying, payable, payer;

· to buy, bought, buyer;

· to sell, seller, selling, sold;

· certain, certainly, uncertain;

· to own, owner, ownership.

Примечание: в английском языке во многих случаях слова, являющиеся различными частями речи, совпадают в произношении и написании. Такое совпадение форм особенно часто встречается у существительных и глаголов. В некоторых случаях совпадение форм встречается у нескольких частей речи, например: light n – свет, light a – светлый; light v – освещать.

3. Vocabulary Exercises