2015-08-21
1230
The structure of the sentence includes various relations between the elements of the sentence. They are: relations between the parts of the sentence, components of phrases, the sequence of elements of the sentence. Sentences can be classified into complete, two-axis sentences, which have both primary parts, the subject and the predicate, directly expressed in the structure; and incomplete, one-axis sentences, which have either only subject (vocative – John!; interjectional – Oh, dear!, exclamatory – What a nice day!) or only predicate – imperative – Don’t go away!
Sentences can also be classified from the point of structure into unextended (нераспространенные), consisting only of primary parts of the sentence (Elephants can swim), and extended, which consist both of primary and secondary parts.
Another classification of sentences from the point of view of structure is into simple and composite. The predicative meaning of the sentence is expressed by the finite verb, which is immediately connected with the subject of the sentence. This predicative connection is called the “predicative line” of the sentence. Simple sentence is a sentence where only one predicative line is expressed. – He opened the door. – Sentences with several predicatives referring to one and the same subject cannot be considered as simple: He opened the door and came in.
Glossary of lingustic terms:
1. complete - полное
2. two-axis/one-axis – двусоставное/односоставное
3. primary parts – главные члены
4. unextended - нераспространенное
5. vocative - звательное
6. exclamatory – восклицательное
Additional reading:
1. стр. 187 – 188
2. стр. 183-185
3. стр. 151 – 152
4. –
5. стр. 109
