Glossary of linguistic terms

1. elliptical sentence, ellipsis – эллипс, пропуск элемента высказывания, легко восстанавливаемого в данном контексте или ситуации.

2. one-axis sentence – односоставное предложение, в котором есть либо только подлежащее, либо только сказуемое

Additional reading:

1. стр. 250-254

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4. стр. 298 – 302

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XXXV. Models of syntactic analysis. Parts of the sentence

While studying sentence structure we use several patterns: the Parts of the sentence model; Distributional model; the model of Immediate constituents; the Transformational model.

The nominative parts of the simple sentence, each occupying a notional position in it, are subject, predicate, object, adverbial, attribute, parenthetical enclosure, interjectional enclosure. The parts are arranged in a hierarchy and all of them perform some modifying role. The highest object of this modification is the sentence as a whole, and through the sentence the reflection of the situation (situational event).

Thus, the subject is a person-modifier of the predicate, the predicate is a process-modifier of a processual part (actional or statal). The adverbial is a quality-modifier of a processual part or the whole of the sentence. The attribute is a quality-modifier of a substantive part. The parenthetical enclosuer is a detached modifier of any sentence part or the whole of the sentence. The addressing enclosure (address) is a substantive modifier of the destination of the sentence, the interjectional enclosure is an emotional modifier of the sentence.

Every modifier can be single or collective (co-modifiers, homogenious). In the scheme the sentence parts connected by bonds of immediate domination are placed one under the other in a successive order of subordination, while sentence parts related to each other equipotently are placed in a horizontal order.

The small lady listened to me attentively.

THE LADY LISTENED

Subject predicate