Semantic borrowing is the appearance of a new meaning due to the influence of a related word in another language, e.g. bureau is used in the political vocabulary, as in Political bureau (Russian)
Barbarisms are words and phrases not assimilated by the target language. They have the form which they had in the source language,
E.g. Latin p.m.
Tabula rasa (an opportunity for a fresh start; clean slate)
persona non grata
De facto, de jure
Japanese hara-kiri, sushi
French coup d’etat, rendez-vous
LEXICOGRAPHY
Outline
Lexicography. History of British lexicography.
History of American lexicography.
Major lexicography issues.
Types of dictionaries.