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A Short Story of Sustainable Development as a Policy Concept

The report by the United Nation’s Brundtland Commission (1987) marked the beginning of the sustainable development concept. The Commission’s report started the process of making sustainable development an important issue on the world stage.

The Commission identified a number of “common challenges” facing the earth: population and human resources, food security, species and ecosystems, energy, industrial development and urbanization. In the context of these challenges they discussed international environmental problems, what successes had been registered in trying to address those problems, the scope and nature of the environmental problems still facing the world community, and the role of the world’s economic system in developing solutions to these problems.

The Commission presented and defined the phrase, sustainable development. “Sustainable development requires meeting the major needs of all and extending to all the opportunity to satisfy their aspirations for a better life”. Sustainable development, as a concept, has two primary pillars: economic development and the consumptive use of the world’s natural resources in ways that are sustainable.

The Commission outlined a series of “strategic imperatives” or “critical objectives”, inherent in their concept of sustainable development. These included:

reviving growth;

changing the quality of growth;

meeting essential needs for jobs, food, energy, water and sanitation;

ensuring a sustainable level of population;

conserving and enhancing the resource base;

reorienting technology and managing risk, and

merging environment and economics in decision-making


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