2015-10-14
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| Indefinite (инфинитив без to) | Continuous (to be + Participle I) | Perfect (to have +Participle II) | |
| Present | I translate a text. He writes a letter. | I am translating a text. He is writing a letter. | I have translated a text. He has written a letter. |
| Past | I translated a text. He wrote a letter. | I was translating a text. He was writing a letter. | I had translated a text. |
| Future | I will translate a text. He will write a letter. | I will be translating a text. He will be writing a letter. | I will have translated a text. He will have written a letter. |
Таблица времен Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect
The Passive Voice (пассивный залог)
| Indefinite (to be + Participle II) | Continuous (to be + being + Participle II) | Perfect (to have + been + Participle II) | |
| Present | A text is translated by me. A letter is written by him. | A text is being translated by me. A letter is being written by him. | A text has been translated by me. A letter has been written by him. |
| Past | A text was translated by me. A letter was written by him. | A text was being translated by me. A letter was being written by him. | A text had been translated by me. A letter had been written by him. |
| Future | A text will be translated by me. A letter will be written by him. | Не употребляется. | A text will have been translated by me. A letter will have been written by him. |
Participle (Причастие)
Причастие является неличной формой глагола, в которой сочетаются признаки прилагательного и наречия с признаками глагола.
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В английском языке существуют два вида причастия: Participle I и Participle II
Participle I (Причастие I)
Причастие I (причастие настоящего времени) образуется путем прибавления суффикса – ing – к основе глагола:
Work – working – работающий, работая
To go –going – идущий
Причастие I имеет активную и страдательную формы:
| Несовершенный вид | Совершённый вид | |
| Active (активная) | asking | having asked |
| Passive (страдательная) | being asked | having been asked |
Причастие I может выполнять следующие функции:
1. Определения
The man sitting at the table is our teacher. – Человек, сидящий за столом, - наш учитель.
The houses being built in our town are not very high. – Дома, строящиеся в нашем городе, невысоки.
2. Обстоятельства
Reading an English book he wrote out many new words. – Читая английскую книгу, он выписывал новые слова.
Having finished work I went home. – Закончив работу, я пошёл домой.
3. Является частью сказуемого:
(Continuous tense to be + Part I)
They are translating an article. – Они переводят статью.
He was playing football the whole day yesterday. – Он вчера целый день играл в футбол.
