2015-10-14
919
1. Study your active vocabulary:
to generate – вырабатывать
to apply – применять
to improve – усовершенствовать
to obtain – получать
to provide – обеспечивать
to confer – присуждать
to attain – добиваться
to award – присуждать
to concern – касаться
2. Recognize familiar words:
Academic, qualified, continent, type, business, administration, period, dissertation, contribution, philosophy, methodology.
3. Give Russian equivalents of:
1) to develop new ideas;
2) to predict elements;
3) to propose a hypothesis;
4) to obtain results;
5) to apply methods.
4. Match the phrases:
1) the result was compared a) методы описываются
2) methods are described b) применяемое оборудование
3) the applied equipment c) результат сравнивался
4) education is offered d) присуждаемые степени
5) the awarded degrees e) образование предлагается
5. Find the synonyms:
To propose, to obtain, to write, to confer, to complete, to attain, to earn, to change, to offer, to receive, to record, to award, to finish, to modify.
6. Fill in the blanks:
1. Last year our Institute was ______ to apply a new method of knowledge’s control.
2. He was ________ a scientific degree last summer.
3. His new results has been ________ by his hard work.
4. The prize was _________ by a group of the scientists.
5. These phrases were _______ with great difficulty (earned, conferred, achieved, completed, proposed).
Reading Practice
Text 1
Read the text to yourself and try to understand what it is about.
Scan through the text. Note all the words and phrases you don’t know. Look them in the English-Russian dictionary.
|
|
|
Find the sentience where the Passive Voice is used.
Academic Degrees
An academic degree is a title awarded by a college or university for successfully completing a course of study, or for a particular attainment. Earned degrees are bestowed for completion of courses of study; honorary degrees recognize a certain attainment, not necessarily connected with an educational institution.
Degrees of various types and levels are currently conferred by almost 2,500 institutions of higher education in the United States, as well as by the principal universities in foreign countries. During the first two centuries of higher education in the United States (since 1642) few academic degrees were used, but during the last century, and particularly since 1900, they have multiplied along with the expansion of university curricula and specialized fields.
Say what information was new for you. Comment on it.
Text 2
1. Read the text and answer the question: Where and when was the first degree conferred?
Development Of Degrees
Academic degrees have been in use for about 800 years; the first one recorded was the Doctor of Civil Law conferred by the University of
Bologna (Italy) in the middle of the 12th century. This was followed by the Doctor of Canon Law and Doctor of Divinity and, in the 13th century, by doctorates in medicine, grammar, logic, and philosophy. The use of
degrees spread from Bologna to the other European Universities. Originally the doctor’s (from Latin doctor, ‘teacher,’ from docere, ‘to teach’) and master’s degrees were used interchangeably, each indicating that the holders were qualified to teach, and the titles of Master, Doctor, and Professor were synonymous. On the other hand, the bachelor’s or baccalaureate
degree (from Latin baccalaureus, a bachelor of arts) was used to indicate the entrance upon a course of study preparatory to the doctorate or
mastership, and not achievement. Gradually, however, it came to mean successful completion of one level of study preparatory to a higher degree.
The use of academic degrees spread to British Universities from the Continent and was extensively developed, especially at Oxford and Cambridge Universities. It is necessary to mention that Oxford and Cambridge Universities are the most famous and prestigious universities in the world. Students from many countries try to have opportunity to study there because the diplomas are highly qualified everywhere. Even students from our country study in these universities.
2. Make sure you understand the following words and phrases:
1) academic;
2) interchangeably;
3) to spread;
4) to indicate;
5) holder;
6) extensively;
7) on the other hand.
|
|
|
3. Read the text again and finish the sentence:
Gradually the bachelor’s degree came to mean successful completion of one level of study preparatory to ….
4. Choose the right answer:
Degrees spread in the following way:
a) British Universities; University of Bologna; European Universities.
b) American Universities; European Universities; British Universities.
c) University of Bologna; European Universities; British Universities.
Text 3
1. Memorize the following words and phrases:
Bachelor’s degree – степень бакалавра
under designation – присваиваемый
in frequency – по частоте
business administration – управление бизнесом
to estimate – устанавливать
beyond – помимо
to represent – представлять, означать
2. Read the text without the dictionary:
Types Of Degrees
