Exercise 2

a) Give the Russian equivalents to the following words and phrases:

to increase its acidity, coloring matter, fiber boxes, a kneading process, leaky butter, barrel churns, cylindrical churns, made of metal, the remaining liquid, early churns, a huge rotating cylinder, cultures of lactic-acid-producing bacteria

b) Give the English equivalents to the following words and phrases:

плохо отжатое масло, месильный процесс, мягкая масса, созревание, вращаться, стерилизовать, гранулы масла, пахта, нагревать, сбивать, маслобойка, отводить воду, хорошая консистенция. перемешивать

Exercise 3. Complete the sentences:

1. In this process, the butter granules …

2. After pasteurization, the cream …

3. When the air bubbles collapse…

4. Before it is churned into butter, …

5. The finished butter …

Exercise 3. Make a list of the equipment necessary for butter production.

Exercise 4. Using the information from the text draw your own scheme and speak about the technological line for butter production.

Comprehension Check of the Material Studied in the Unit 2

Task 1. Answer the questions using the information studied in the Unit:

1. Why is the Russian dairy industry developing so quickly?

2. How can all dairy products be classified?

3. What requirements should the equipment for dairy industry comply with?

4. What factors are obstructing in the development of the milk processing sector?

5. Why is there an urgent need for modern equipment and new technologies in the dairy industry?

6. What leading companies of the Russian dairy industry do you know?

7. What is the role of the packaging equipment for the dairy industry?

8. What processing equipment is necessary for ice cream production?

9. What do we mean saying “the complete mix”?

10. What is the technological line for butter production?

Task 2. Speak about pasteurization. What two methods are usually used? What is the difference between them?

Task 3. You are a technologist of the company producing ice cream. A student of the University having practice at your company asks you about the processing equipment. Tell him about the technological line. Make a dialogue with your partner.

UNIT 3. PACKAGING MACHINERY

TEXT 1

Exercise 1. Read the words and phrases and guess the meaning:

Market reforms, packaging equipment, unoccupied niches, market demand, purchasing criterion, high-class product, high quality containers, the foreseeable future, state enterprises, joint stock companies

Exercise 2. Read and translate the text: