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resistance and metal contacts to convert over 14% of the solar energy that strikes their surfaces to electrical output voltage. Cheaper, polycrystalline silicon sheets and other lenses are being developed to reduce the cost and improve the effectiveness of solar cells.
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) direct incoming voltage to gallium-arsenide semiconductors that, when agitated, emit photons of light. The wavelength of the emitted light depends on the material used to construct the semiconductor.
e) ____. Conductive patterns of electrodes overlie parallel-plate capacitors that hold large molecules of the liquid crystal material that works as the dielectric. Optical electronics uses waveguides to reflect, confine, and direct light. The most familiar form of optical waveguide is the optic fiber. These fine, highly specialized glass fibers are made of silicon that has been doped with germanium dioxide.
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Planck Max (Karl Ernst Ludwig) (1858 - 1947), Germantheoretical physicist. The founder of the quantum theory, he announced the radiation law named after him in 1900. Nobel Prize for Physics (1918).
Planck constant (also Planck’s constant) Physics afundamental constant, equal to the energy of a quantum of electromagnetic radiation divided by its frequency, with a value of 6.626 × 10-34 joule-seconds.
Angular momentum - the quantity of rotation of a body,which is the product of its moment of inertia and its angular velocity; - a property of a mass or system of masses turning about some fixed point; it is conserved in the absence of the action of external forces.
Near-infrared (NIR, IR-A DIN): 0.75-1.4 µm in wavelength,defined by the water absorption, and commonly used in fiber optic telecommunication because of low attenuation losses in the SiO2 glass (silica) medium.
Mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR, IR-C DIN) also calledintermediate infrared (IIR): 3-8 µm.
Far infrared (FIR): 15 -1,000 µm.
