2017-12-14
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Egyptian National Railways (ENR) is the national railway company of Egypt.
As early as in 1833, Pasha Mohammad Ali consulted with Thomas Gallway about building a railway between Suez and Cairo to facilitate freight and passenger transportation between Europe and India. The project was abandoned due to pressure by the French who had an interest in building a canal instead. The Suez Canal was completed in 1869. After Mohamed Ali’s death, Abbas I contracted with Robert Stephenson to link Alexandria and Cairo by rail. The first section of this railway between Alexandria and Kafer Eassa was opened in 1854, and the line was completed two years later. It was the first railroad in Africa and in the Middle East.
The Imbaba bridge was constructed in 1891 to allow trains to cross the Nile near Cairo. The modern Imbaba bridge was erected in 1924 and it is the only railway crossing of the Nile in Cairo. The El Ferdan Railway Bridge rebuilt in 2001 is the largest swing bridge in the world and crosses the Suez Canal.
In 2005, ENR operated 5,063 km of railways using standard gauge of 1,435 mm. Most of the rail network is focused on the densely populated area of Nile delta. Many lines radiate from Cairo. The majority of locomotives are diesel-driven. 63 km are electrified. ENR purchases locomotives and rail abroad but passenger carriages are built and refurbished in Egypt by the SEMAF company.
Cargo volume transported by ENR is about 12 million ton annually. ER is the backbone of passenger transportation in Egypt. 800 million passengers are carried annually. Air-conditioned passenger trains usually consist of the 1st and 2nd class carriages, while in non-air-conditioned trains, there are 2nd and 3rd class cars. Train fares in commuter trains and 3rd class passenger trains are kept low as a social service.
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The Alexandria-Cairo-Luxor-Aswan link is served daily in both directions by air-conditioned sleeper trains of Abela Egypt. These trains are especially attractive to tourists who can spend the night on the train as it covers the stretch between Cairo and Luxor. A luxury express train also connects Cairo with Marsa Matruh.
(B) Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих фраз.
1. государственная железнодорожная компания
2. перевозка грузов и пассажиров
3. первый участок этой железной дороги
4. железнодорожный переезд
5. самый большой разводной мост
6. большая часть железнодорожной сети
7. густонаселённая территория
8. пригородные линии
9. плата за проезд в пассажирских поездах третьего класса
10. поезд-экспресс повышенной комфортности
(С) Ответьте кратко на общие вопросы к тексту.
1. Is Egyptian National Railways the private railway company of Egypt?
2. Did Pasha Mohammad Ali consult with Thomas Gallway about building a railway between Cairo and India in 1833?
3. Was the project of building a railway abandoned because the French wanted to build a canal instead?
4. Were Alexandria and Cairo connected by rail in 1854?
5. Does the El Ferdan Railway Bridge cross the Suez Canal?
6. Are there narrow-gauge railroads in Egypt?
7. Do many lines radiate from Cairo?
8. Are the vast majority of locomotives electric-driven?
9. Does ENR purchase carriages abroad?
10. Do air-conditioned passenger trains usually consist of the 1st and 2nd class carriages?
ВАРИАНТ 5
Упр. 1. Формы Simple (Present, Past, Future) в действительном (Active) и страдательном (Passive) залогах.
(A) Перепишите предложения и переведите их. Выпишите сказуемые и укажите их видовременные формы.
Model: The train departs at 7 pm. Поезд отправляется в 7 часов вечера.
departs – Present Simple Active (to depart)
1. Moscow is a major transport junction: over 300 long-distance and 2,000 suburban trains depart from 10 Moscow railway terminals daily.
2. About 11% of the Konkan Railway (India) is laid down in tunnels. These tunnels are equipped with sensors to monitor air contamination, temperature and visibility.
3. The new powerful locomotive will be used for hauling heavy iron-ore trains.
4. AMTRAK provides foreign tourists with the railway tickets for 14, 21 and 60 days, which give them the right to go by any train, in any compartment and to change trains in any place and at any time.
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5. All first carriages had three essential drawbacks: they were built of wood; they were heated with stoves, and they had an open platform at each end that was especially dangerous in case of an accident.
(B) Перепишите предложения, поставив глагол в нужную видовременную форму, и переведите их.
1. The first plans for constructing a new railway line along the west coast of India (to propose – Past Simple Passive) in 1880s, but they (not / to carry out – Past Simple Passive) because of financial and technical difficulties.
2. The distance between Boston and New York (to be – Present Simple Active) 230 miles; it (to take – Present Simple Active) the train 3 hours 15 minutes to cover it.
3. Refrigerated cars (to use – Present Simple Passive) for transporting perishable goods.
4. You (to catch – Future Indefinite Active) the last suburban train, if you (to hurry – Present Simple Active).
5. Tomas Bouch (to design and to build – Past Simple Active) the railway bridge on the Tay River in 1878. This bridge (to speak – Past Simple Passive) about as one of the wonders of the world.
Упр. 2. Оборот there + to be
(A) Перепишите предложения и переведите их.
1. Two or more locomotives are coupled to a train if the load is very heavy or if there are steep grades on the line.
2. There will be a scheduled train stop for 20 minutes at the next railway station.
3. On each car of the first underground trains, there was an attendant to operate the doors.
(B) Перепишите предложения, поставив глагол to be в нужную форму, и переведите их.
1. Nowadays, there tobe underground railways in 80 cities all over the world. (Present)
2. The gauge of most railways in Great Britain is now 4feet 8 ½ inches, but there to be the time when the gauge was not the same on all the railways. (Past)
3. There to be an extra commuter train tomorrow. (Future)
