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Аудиозапись № 51 к упражнению 1B

NEIL ARMSTRONG

The whole world heard the name of Neil Armstrong on July 20, 1969 when he became the first man to set foot on the Moon. About 600 million people — a fifth of the world’s population — watched the moon landing on television and followed it on the radio. That was when they heard Neil Armstrong’s famous words: “That’s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.”

It happened during the historical flight when Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin spent nearly three hours walking on the Moon, collecting information, making experiments and taking photographs.

Armstrong had got interested in aviation and got his flying license before he left school. He studied engineering and technology in universities and then became a pilot testing new planes. Soon he joined the group of pilots preparing for space flights to become an astronaut.

After his historical flight to the Moon Armstrong became a national hero. He was a very modest, quiet and private man who didn’t like the idea of being a public figure. On one occasion he said that he was and would always be an engineer and that he was very proud of his profession. Armstrong stopped flying but never lost interest in the space exploration programme. Once he visited the USSR and met Russian cosmonauts. His name, like the name of Yuri Gagarin, will always be remembered.

Their names are written down in history books as they are among those people who opened the door to the unknown for all the humanity.

Neil Armstrong died in August 2012 at the age of 82.

 

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Аудиозапись № 53 к упражнению 1

MOBILE PHONES

The first mobile telephone call was made in 1973 by Doctor Martin Cooper, the scientist who invented the modern mobile phones.

A mobile, or a cell phone, works like a radio. In fact, it is a modernized radiophone used in cars in the 1980s. Those car phones needed a powerful transmitter and_were very expensive. Mobile phones differ from them in one important aspect. Carriers, or providers, cut the territory into segments, or cells. As you move, you “jump” from cell to cell and the frequency you’ve just used becomes free for someone else.

So each cell which has a base station — a tower and a building with the radio equipment — uses one-seventh of all the channels it can use. In other words, lots and lots of people can talk on the phone at one time. In fact, millions of people can use the system and that makes the cell phone cheaper to use.

Another difference between mobile phones and other radio communication devices is that you use one frequency for talking and another for listening, so both people can talk at once.

These days, mobile phones can do a lot more than make calls. People use their phones to send and get e-mails, take photographs, play games, surf the Internet and do many other things.

 

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