Institutes of VIshnu 34

1223.

1. Sexual connection with one's mother, or daughter, or daughter-in-law are crimes in the highest degree.

2. Such criminals in the highest degree should proceed into the flames; for there is not any other way to atone for their crime.

INSTITUTES OF VISHNU 35

1225.

1. Killing a Brâhma n a, drinking spirituous liquor, stealing the gold of a Brâhma n a, and sexual connection with a Guru's wife are high crimes.

2. And social intercourse with such (criminals is also a high crime).

3. He who associates with an outcast is outcasted himself after a year;

4. And so is he who rides in the same carriage with him, or who eats in his company, or who sits on the same bench, or who lies on the same couch with him.

5. Sexual intercourse, intercourse in sacrificing, and intercourse by the mouth (with an outcast) entails immediate loss of caste.

6. Such mortal sinners are purified by a horse sacrifice and by visiting all Tîrthas (places of pilgrimage) on earth

 

 

INSTITUTES OF VISHNU 36

1231.

1. Killing a Kshatriya or Vai s ya engaged in a sacrifice, or a woman in her courses, or a pregnant woman, or a woman (of the Brâhma n a caste) who has bathed after temporary uncleanness, or an embryo of unknown sex, or one come for protection, are crimes equal to the crime of killing a Brâhma n a.

2. Giving false evidence and killing a friend: these two crimes are equal to the drinking of spirituous liquor.

3. Appropriating to one's self land belonging to a Brâhma n a or a deposit (belonging to a Brâhma n a and not consisting of gold) are crimes equal to a theft of gold (belonging to a Brâhma n a).

4. Sexual connection with the wife of a paternal uncle, of a maternal grandfather, of a maternal uncle, of a father-in-law, or of the king, are crimes equal to sexual connection with a Guru's wife;

5. And so is sexual intercourse with the father's or mother's sister and with one's own sister;

6. And sexual connection with the wife of a learned Brâhma n a, or a priest, or an Upâdhyâya, or a friend;

7. And with a sister's female friend (or with one's own female friend), with a woman of one's own race, with a woman belonging to the Brâhma n a caste, with a (Brâhma n a) maiden (who is not yet betrothed to a man), with a low-caste woman, with a woman in her courses, with a woman come for protection, with a female ascetic, and with a woman entrusted to one's own care.

8. Such minor offenders become pure, like mortal sinners, by a horse-sacrifice and by visiting Tîrthas.

 

The Insitutes of Vishnu CHAPTER FORTY SEVEN

Divisions 1241-1275

 

 

INSTITUTES OF VISHNU 37

1241.

1. Setting one's self up by false statements (as by saying, 'I have done this,' or the like).

2. Making statements, which will reach the ears of the king, regarding a (minor) offence committed by some one;

3. Unjustly upbraiding a Guru (as by saying 'You have neglected such a household duty');

4. Reviling the Veda;

5. Forgetting the Veda texts, which one has studied;

6. (Abandoning) one's holy fire, or one's father, mother, son, or wife;

7. Eating the food of those whose food may not be eaten, or forbidden food;

8. Appropriating to one's self (grain, copper, or other) goods of another man (but not his gold);

9. Sexual intercourse with another man's wife;

10. Sacrificing for persons for whom it is forbidden to sacrifice (such as S ûdras, persons for whom the initiation has not been performed, and the like);

11. To live by a forbidden occupation (as, if a Brâhma n a lives by the occupation of a Kshatriya, or of a Vai s ya).

12. Receiving unlawful presents;

13. Killing a Kshatriya, or a Vai s ya, or a S ûdra, or a cow;

14. Selling articles that ought not to be sold (such as salt, lac, or others);

15. For an elder brother to suffer his younger brother to marry before him;

16. For a younger brother to marry, though his elder brother is not yet married;

17. To give a girl in marriage to either of those two (categories of offenders);

18. Or to perform the nuptial ceremony for them;

19. To allow the proper time for the ceremony of initiation to pass without being initiated;

20. To teach the Veda for a reward (unless it be in an emergency);

21. To be taught by one who teaches the Veda for a reward (unless it be in an emergency);

22. To be employed (by the king's order) in the working of mines of any sort (whether gold mines, or silver mines, or others, or manufactories);

23. To make large (sharp) instruments (such as instruments for piercing an elephant's car);

24. Cutting trees, shrubs, creepers, long climbing plants (such as vines), or herbs;

25. Living by (prostituting) one's own wife;

26. Trying to overcome another by incantations (tending to kill him), or by forcible means;

27. Performing the act (of cooking) for one's own sole benefit;

28. Not to have kindled one's own sacred fire;

29. Omitting to pay one's debts to the gods, Ri shis, and manes (or sacrificing, study of the Veda, and propagation of one's race);

30. Studying irreligious books;

31. Atheism;

32. Subsisting by a reprehensible art (such as dancing);

33. Intercourse with women who drink spirits;

34. Thus have the crimes in the fourth degree been enumerated.

35. Such criminals in the fourth degree shall perform the K ândrâya n a or Parâka penances, or shall sacrifice a cow (as the case may require).

 

The Insitutes of Vishnu CHAPTER FORTY EIGHT

Divisions 1276-1300