Montesquieu Theory That Government Should Be Divided into Three Branches

Exam Card # 1

On discipline "Political science”

What Is Politics?

· Greek

The word politics has its origins in Ancient Greece. All of the cities in Ancient Greece, such as Athens, Sparta, and Corinth, were referred to as city-states and the Greek word for a city-state was polis (πολις)

· Latin

Politicus was an adjective that was used to describe anything “of the state”.

 

Politics is the practice and theory of influencing other people on a civic or individual level. More narrowly, it refers to achieving and exercising positions of governance— organized control over a human community, particularly a state. A variety of methods are employed in politics, which include promoting one's own political views among people, negotiation with other political subjects, making laws, and exercising force, including warfare against adversaries. Politics is exercised on a wide range of social levels, from clans and tribes of traditional societies, through modern local governments, companies and institutions up to sovereign states, to the international level.

Concepts of State and Government. Theories of state origin.

¡ A state is a community of persons more or less numerous, permanently occupying a definite portion of territory, having a government of their own to which the great body of inhabitants render obedience, and enjoying freedom from external control.

¡ People - The mass of the population living within the state.

-answers the question, “who governs whom?”

-no specific number requirement

¡ Territory - demarcated area that rightly belongs to the population

-answers the question, “where?”

-terrestrial, fluvial, maritime and aerial

-should be permanent and large enough to be self-sufficing

· Government - Refers to the agency to which the will of the state is formulated, expressed, and carried out.

· Sovereignty- May be defined as the supreme power of the state to command and enforce obedience to its will from the people within its jurisdiction and to have freedom from foreign control.

-Internal – power of the state to rule within its territory

-External – the freedom of the state to carry out its activities without subjection to or control by other states.

Origin of states

1. Divine right theory

2. Necessity or force theory

3. Paternalistic theory

4. Social contract theory

 

3. State and Citizens (case study)

Exam Card # 2

On discipline "Political science”

What is political science? Why Study Political science?

· The term political science is the systematic study of the state and the government

· Political Science is a social science regarding the practice and theory of politics, the analysis of political systems, and the study of political behavior.

· Simply put, political science is the study of politics.

Some particular areas that political scientists study include public policy, national politics, political theory, international relations, and comparative politics

Why Study Political science?

¡ To understand politics in various countries.

¡ To generate lessons from one place and apply them in another.

¡ To develop broad theories.

 

 

Three branches of government

Montesquieu Theory That Government Should Be Divided into Three Branches

Montesquieu said that there are two types of powers in government: the sovereign and the administrative. The administrative powers were the legislative, the executive, and the judiciary. These powers should be divided up so that each power would have power over the other. Separation of powers, or tripartite, is the theory that government should be divided into three branches. The theory says that government should be divided into executive judiciary, and legislature segments.

Kazakhstan as example:

· Executive branch

Executive power is exercised by the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Composition of the Government is formed by the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan in accordance with the Constitution.

· Legislative branch

Legislative power is vested in the bicameral parliament. Parliament has two chambers: the Senate and the Majilis. The Senate consists of deputies: two persons from each province, city of national importance and the capital. The Majilis consists of 107 members. Member of the Parliament cannot be simultaneously a member of both chambers. The term of office of the Senate members is six years; the term of office of the Majilis members is five years.

· Judicial branch

Judicial power is vested in the Constitutional Court and a system of local courts. Courts of the Republic are the Supreme Court of the Republic, local courts and other courts of the Republic, established by the legislation.