2018-01-21
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- a regime is the form of government: the set of rules, cultural or social norms, etc. that regulate the operation of government and its interactions with society.
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• Military regimes – system of government in which military officers control power.
• One – party regimes – a system of government in which a single party gains power.
• Hybrid regime - Regime that mixes elements of democracy with authoritarian rule.
• Competitive authoritarian regime - Type of hybrid regime in which formal opposition and some open political debate exist and elections are held to select the executive and legislative branches; these processes are so flawed, however, that the regime cannot be considered democratic in any real sense; also called semi-authoritarian and electoral authoritarian.
- Regime change is the process through which countries go from one type of regime, with its particular set of institutions, to another.
Regime change can occur through conquest by a foreign power, revolution, coup d'état or reconstruction following the failure of a state. Regime change may replace all or part of the state's existing institutions, administrative apparatus, bureaucracy and other elements.
Political culture
- A set of widely held attitudes, values, beliefs, and symbols about politics
Exam Card # 6
Totalitarian regime
• totalitarian state is a concept used by some political scientists to describe a political system in which the state holds total authority over the society and seeks to control all aspects of public and private life wherever possible.
Democracies and nondemocracies.
• Democracy - it is a type of government which is by the people, of the people and for the people. Free and fair elections are a hallmark of democracies where there is a principle of adult suffrage and people vote for their representatives who govern them through rule of law. People thus have a say in the development and passage of legislation through their elected representatives.
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• Non Democracy - All kinds of polities that are different from the tenets of democracy are labeled non democracies. Some examples of non democracies are autocracy (dictatorships), aristocracy (rule of kings and queens), Communism, Authoritarianism, rule of military and so on. The fundamental difference between a democracy and any other form of government is that people do not have the kind of equality and freedom that they enjoy in a democracy and they also do not have a say in passage of legislation as much as they have in democracy.
Exam Card # 7
On discipline "Political science”
Authoritarian regime
The political actions and decisions of the ruler are not constrained, while the political rights and freedoms of the citizens are significantly limited.
An authoritarian regime places severe restrictions on the activities of individuals and groups who desire to influence the allocation of values by the political system. The great majority of the population is not allowed to participate in any political activities except those expressly encouraged by the regime. Citizens are not permitted to question the political institutions, procedures, or public policies of an authoritarian regime.
A good example of a country that follows an authoritarian government is the country of Cuba. In Cuba, there is one supreme leader that rules the country. They do not allow freedom of speech, religion, or press. The inhabitants of the country are poor, while the leader is wealthy. Citizens of the country do not vote as the leader is already assumed. Citizens do not have a say in how their country progresses. This includes the introduction of new policies, laws, and procedures.
In some countries, these other areas of life are still significantly controlled, but the control is by traditional societal values or by overriding religious values, not by the political system. Singapore, as well as Libya(in the time of Kaddafi) and Zimbabwe, could be characterized as authoritarian regimes.
Civilizations
Civilization is a complex way of life that came about as people began to develop urban settlements. The earliest civilizations developed after 3000 BCE, when the rise of agriculture allowed people to have surplus food and economic stability. Agricultural populations advanced beyond village life, and many people no longer had to practice farming at all.
All civilizations have certain characteristics.
These include:
(1) large population centers;
(2) monumental architecture and unique art styles;
(3) written language;
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(4) systems for administering territories;
(5) a complex division of labor; and
(6) the division of people into social classes.
The civilization to which he belongs is the broadest level of identification with which he strongly identifies. Civilizations are the biggest “we” within which we feel culturally at home as distinguished from all the other “thems” out there.”* “A civilization… is neither a given economy nor a given society, but something which can persist through a series of economies and societies, barely susceptible to gradual change. A civilization can be approached, therefore, only in the long term, taking hold of a constantly unwinding thread – something that a group of people have conserved and passed on as their most precious heritage from generation to generation, throughout and despite the storms and tumults of history.”
3. State and Citizens (case study)
Exam Card # 8
On discipline "Political science”
Democracy
We can think of democracy as a system of government with four key elements:
· A political system for choosing and replacing the government through free and fair elections.
· The active participation of the people, as citizens, in politics and civic life.
· Protection of the human rights of all citizens.
· A rule of law, in which the laws and procedures apply equally to all citizens
Ex: USA, KZ
