Health service in Ukraine

In Ukraine medical help is available in hospitals, polyclinics, and also in medical centres in such places as factories and schools.

Health service is based on local therapeutists as they are the first who diagnose. Some certain district is appointed to a polyclinic and this district is divided into several areas. Each area is appointed to a certain therapeutist.

All the people who live in that area visit their appointed doctor.

Average number of people, visiting their doctor every day, is 20-25, but when there is an epidemic of influenza, this number is 50-60 people a day.

There is a problem which is nowadays widely discussed, that a person him- or herself can choose the doctor he or she wants to visit.

A person can call his local therapeutist so that the doctor will come and see his patient.

A therapeutist examines a patient, assigns some treatment, prescribes some medicine and gives a medical certificate.

In a hospital there is also a therapeutic department, where pneumonia, bronchitis or asthma are treated.

There also exists a wide network of ambulance service in Ukraine. It was founded in Kharkiv in 1905.

Nowadays there are a lot of free-paying clinics where one can get any kind of medical help. Many of them are specialized: dentist offices, optician centres, etc.

There also exist some medical associations in Ukraine, such as Ukrainian Diabetes Association. About 1 million people in Ukraine suffer this disease.

There people can get medical help or medicines free of charge.

 

 

UK Health Service

The National Health Service provides free treatment for people living in Britain and gives emergency treatment for visitors. The greater part of the cost is met from taxes taken from people’s wages. People also pay some money every month as a sort of insurance.

The National Health Service consists of three main parts: the general practitioners, the hospital and specialist services, and local health authority services.

Local health authorities are responsible for medical education, hospital building, environmental health, vaccination service and so on.

The centre of National Health Service is the general practitioner (GP). Each person is registered with a certain doctor in his or her area. The GP diagnoses gives medical certificates, prescribes medicines.

Dentists and opticians usually have separate clinics. They are not parts of health centres.

There is also a medium-level hospital staff. District nurses give injections, physiotherapy exercises at people’s homes. Ward nurses take care of the ill in the hospital.

Regular medical inspections are held at schools. Children receive various vaccinations and are examined by different specialists. There also exists a school dental service in every school.

Much attention is paid to the education programmes. The Department of Health provides anti-smoking education programmes, alcohol education programmes, cancer prevention programmes and so on.

Much attention is paid to the AIDS and drug programmes.

Great Britain pays much attention to the qualification of doctors. They are trained in 16 universities. Besides, they get practice during their work at teaching hospitals.

 

Nutrition

Good nutrition is important for good health. You need to eat the right food to help prevent diseases and control your weight. To eat the right goods is especially vital for children because they grow.

There are six basic food groups:

1) breads, cereals, rice and pasta;

2) vegetables;

3) fruits;

4) milk, yogurt and cheese;

5) meat, poultry, fish, dry beans, eggs and nuts;

6) fats, oils and sweets.

Some foods with good nutrition such as ice-cream, are also high in fat or added sugar. So it’s better to choose reduced fat ice-cream.

It is natural that you may prefer some foods and hate others. However, for you to be healthy, all six groups are important.

Do you know that fast food is usually not healthy? It is often high in fat, cholesterol and sugar. And it is usually low in vitamins and minerals. For example, a hamburger and French fries are high in fat and cholesterol, which are the leading causes of heart disease. Cola is all sugar and no nutrition. The only good news is that it’s fast.

Another bad thing is that you often eat in a hurry. You eat more when you in a hurry too. You eat without thinking about how much or how often you eat. You can be overweight, which is bad for your health.

Smoking

People become aware of the danger of smoking. We can see more and more restrictions on smoking. Most airlines have a no-smoking policy. Also more and more restaurants and public places have nonsmoking sections.

One reason for this is that research is showing that nonsmokers who are around smokers are at the same health risk as smoker, so people do not want to be near smokers. Another reason is that more and more diseases are being found to be caused by smoking.

Smoking causes one out of every six deaths in the United States. Mothers who smoke or breathe smoke during pregnancy have more miscarriages and more premature babies than mothers who do not breathe smoke.

According to the “Surgeon General”, every day more than 3000 teenagers in the United States begin to smoke. But almost half of all adults who once smoked have quitted since 1985. Smoking is expensive, too. The average smoker smokes 14 cigarettes a day at a cost of $1200 per year.

Alcohol

Use of alcohol is common among teenagers, and it is more common than ever now that other drugs are becoming less popular. The US Department of Health and Human Services says that over half of all teenagers drink at least once a month. Parents, again, set the example. About two-thirds of the adult population drink at least sometimes.

The health risks of long term heavy use of alcohol are great. It is the third greatest cause of death in the United States after cancer and heart disease. Alcohol also destroys vitamins and has lots of calories.

But the immediate risk of driving after drinking may be the most important thing because this affects everyone on the road. Even small amounts of alcohol can dangerously affect driving ability. Many, many deaths (25000 a year) in auto accidents occur because drivers think they can drive just as well after drinking alcohol. In fact, one out of every two traffic deaths is alcohol-related.

Like pregnant women who smoke, pregnant women who drink alcohol (even one or two glasses a day) have more miscarriages and premature babies than other women.

The annual expense due to alcohol use, in accidents, property damage, lost work time, health care, and insurance in the USA is 117 billion a year.

Someone who gets drunk often or who depends on alcohol to get through the day is an alcoholic. Many teenagers drink to gain a feeling of importance because they think no one cares about them.

 

ЛІТЕРАТУРА

1. Дудорова Э.С. Практический курс разговорного английского языка./ Э.С. Дудорова. – СПб.: Издательство Союз, 2001. – 341 с.

2. Голицынский Ю.Б. Spoken English: Пособие по разговорной речи. – СПб.: КАРО, 2004. – 416 с.

3. Каверина В., Бойко. В., Жидких Н. 100 тем английского устного. – Донецк: ПКФ «БАО», 2001. – 192 с.

4. Мансі Є.О. Посібник з англійської мови для підготовки до іспиту (101 розмовна тема). – К.: Оріони, 2000. – 272 с.

5 Пащенко Л.В. Англійська мова. Дидактична мозаїка 11./ А.В. Пащенко. – Харків.: Вид-во ранок, 2003. – 271 с.

6. English Topics: Найкращі 1000 усних тем з паралельним перекладом. Ч І./ Укл. О.П. Фіщенко, Г.В. Яйцева та ін. = Харків: Веста: Вид-во Ранок, 2006. – 640 с.

7. English Studу. Частина І. Автор-упорядник О.Д. Карп’юк. – Тернопіль: Вид-во Карп’ка, 1999. – 364 с.

8. English Studу. Частина ІІ. Автор-упорядник О.Д. Карп’юк. – Тернопіль: Вид-во Карп’ка, 1999. – 360 с.