The Trade of Great Britain

1. International trade has always been important to Britain but its importance has increased markedly in recent years. Exports of goods and services now account for nearly a third of gross domestic product, compared with almost a fifth some 30 years ago; imports have shown a broadly similar trend as proportions of home demand.

The fifth largest trading nation in the world, Britain provides just over 9 per cent of the main manufacturing countries' exports of manufactured goods. The country is a major supplier of aerospace products, motor vehicles, electrical equipment, chemicals, textiles and most types of machinery, and is a growing oil exporter. It relies upon imports for about two-fifths of total consumption of foodstuffs and for most of the raw materials required by industry.

2. Manufactured goods account for about three-quarters of exports of goods accounting to trade statistics); a feature is the shift towards finished,
rather than semi-finished, goods. The most important group is machinery and     transport equipment (34 per cent of exports in 1980). The share of fuels rose from 4 per cent of export in 1975 to 14 per cent in 1980 when, for the first time, exports of North Sea oil exceeded imports of crude oil.

3. An increasing proportion on trade has been with other European Community member countries. They account for six of the top ten export markets, taking 43 per cent of British exports in 1980, and for six of the ten leading suppliers of goods to Britain. Britain's largest single export market was the Federal Republic of Germany and the largest single supplier of imports was the United States.

4. Long an advocate of the removal of artificial trading barriers, Britain has taken a leading part in the activities of such organizations as the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, the International Monetary Fund, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. The European Community's common customs tariff, which Britain applies, is, on average, at a similar level to the tariffs of other major industrial countries. Britain maintains few restrictions on its international trade. Most goods may be imported freely and only a narrow range of goods is subject to export control.

5. Invisible trade (which includes payments and receipts for services such  as shipping, travel and civil aviation, insurance and interest, profits and
dividents arising out of overseas investment, and transfers between Britain and other countries) is of great significance to the economy, accounting for one-third of overseas earnings. Net earnings from invisibles are second only to those of the United States.

 

II. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. Which place in international trade does Great Britain hold?

2. What does Great Britain export?

3. What does Great Britain import?

4. Is Great Britain a member of the European Community?

5. What countries does the European Community consist of?

 

III.  Найдите в тексте слово account и уточните его
значение.

 

IV.  Вместо пропусков вставьте подходящее по смыслу слово или словосочетание. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

 

account for, market, investment, equipment, leading part

 

1. Manufactured goods …   about three-quarters of exports of goods.

2. The most important group is machinery and transport ….

3. Britain's largest single export... was the Federal Republic of Germany.

4. Britain has taken a … in the activities of such organizations as the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, the International Monetary Fund and so on.

5. The Government of Britain welcomes both inwardand outward ….

 

V. Найдите в тексте слова, производные от следу­ющих глаголов:

to supply, to lead, to remove, to act, to pay.

 

 

ЗАДАНИЕ 3

Для того чтобы выполнить задание 3, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы грамматики английского языка:

1. Инфинитив: формы инфинитива, основные функции, способы перевода на русский язык.

2. Герундий: формы, способы перевода на русский язык.

3. Причастие: Participle I и II в функциях определения и обстоятельства. Сложные формы причастия – Participle I (Passive, Perfect Active).

4. Независимый причастный оборот

5. Отглагольное существительное

Вариант 1

 

Milbank, Tweed, Hadley & Mc Cloy

 

1. Milbank is known to have offices in New York, Los Angeles, Washington, London, Tokyo, Hong Kong, Singapore.

Milbank, Tweed has been actively involved during the past several years in the emerging market for legal services in Central Europe. This involvement has stemmed largely from the Firm's broad representation of project developers and other Western companies exploring new business opportunities in these markets as well as our representation of key financial institutions, including Finnish and Austrian banks. The growth of the practice has been facilitated both by the Firm's traditional strength in relevant practice areas, such as joint ventures, project finance, trade transactions, trade regulation and leasing, and by the ability of Milbank lawyers in these practice t areas to communicate in Russian and in Central European languages, including German, Polish and Hungarian.

2. Milbank has been advising clients on business in Central Europe for many years. Most recently this advice has focused on the formation of joint     ventures with Central European partners. The Firmhas represented clients in a wide variety of these transactions, ranging from hotel and business service centres in Moscow to fish processing plants in Estonia and in Vladivostok. Other sectors withrespect to which we have advised clients on joint ventures include petroleum exploration, cement, furniture manufacture and foods. Over the years Milbank has also advised Western banks Central European countries. The Firm is now analyzing new legislation enacted in Russia and other Central European countries that would permit Western companies to invest through the acquisition of shares in joint stock companies and other means, including investment in the context of privatization programs.

3. Milbank's leading reputation in International project finance has ensured its involvement in some of the largest and most complex projects so far considered in Central Europe. For example, Milbank represented the lead manager and the banks in connection with the first major project financing to be completed in Russia, the $330 million modernization of a polyethylene plant in Budyonovsk. We are currently advising on the project financing of a Moscow hotel and business service center, which is in the final stage of completion. In connection with its joint venture practice, Milbank has worked with clients on the structure of financing for a wide variety of other Central European projects.

4. In recognition of its project finance expertise, three Milbank partners were invited to Moscow last May to provide a seminar on the applicability of Western project finance techniques to the Russian market. The seminar was attended by more than 25 bank officers from the project finance, economic feasibility and foreign investment divisions. As a result of the seminar, Milbank has developed a closer working relationship with key officials and has initiated a dialogue with the Russian banks identifying new structures for project finance in Russia.

 

I. Прочтите и устно переведите со словарем весь текст. Письменно переведите абзацы 1, 2.

 

II. Выпишите из абзаца 3 предложение, где инфи­нитив употреблен в функции определения. Переведи­те это предложение на русский язык.

 

Ш. Выпишите из абзаца 3 предложения с отгла­гольным существительным и причастием I. Переведи­те эти предложения на русский язык.

 

IV.  Выпишите из абзаца 4 предложение с причастием I.
Переведите это предложение на русский язык.

 

V.   Найдите ответы в тексте на следующие вопросы:

1. What has facilitated the growth of the Milbank's practice?

2. Which countries are Milbank's offices situated in?

3. What has ensured Milbank's involvement in somе of the largest and most complex project?

4. Where was a seminar on the applicability of Western project finance techniques held by Milbank last May?

5. How many bank officers attended a seminar on thе applicability of Western project finance techniques in   Moscow last May?

Вариант 2